The Pyramids of The Ancient Egypt Civilization

The monumental building built by the ancient Egypt civilization is called Abu-Simbel, it is formed by two temples which are The Great Temple and The Small Temple. They were located on the western bank of Lake Nasser. They were built during the reign of Ramesses II, the nineteenth dynasty Egyptian king, in the 13th century EC between 1279 to 1213 BCE.

It was then relocated to Aswan Governorate, southern Egypt, above the Aswan High dam reservoir, on artificial hills made of dome structure to avoid it being inundated in 1964- 1968.(Wikipedia) The Great Temple was built to dedicate to the sun god, Amon-Re, and Re-Horakhty and to honor himself. The Small Temple was built for his beloved wife, Nefertari and dedicated to the goddess Hathor. Moreover, it was built to commemorate his victory in the Battle of Kadesh as the base of the temple was carved with his conquered enemies. The Great Temple was constructed with the consideration of the sun position. On 22 February and on 22 October, the sunlight in the morning shines through the entrance and the 55-meter interior sanctuary, irradiate the statues on the back wall, except for the statue of Ptah, the god of Underworld.

It is considered to dedicate to gods. For the days, scholars believe they represent Ramses II’s birthday or his coronation. The building built between the ancient Maya civilization is the El Castillo also name as the Temple of Kukulkan. It is located in Chichen Itza in Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize. It is built around AD 800 between the 9th and 12th centuries CE. It served as a temple to the “feathered serpent” god Kukulcan. It functioned as a center for preaching and sacrificing by the solar alignments.

It is in a pyramid form, each of the four stairways with 91 stairs, which is the number of days for each season in a solar cycle. When it adds up to the stairs on the top platform. it has 365 steps in total, which is the number of days in a solar year. During the Spring and Autumn equinoxes, The evening sun shines down from the northwest corner of the pyramid and the shadow creates the appearance of a feathered serpent undulating down the stairways of the pyramid which is formed by the steps platform of the pyramid. There is another building also designed to work with light which is the Pyramid of the Sun, located in Mexico State.