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A Quick Guide to Turabian Journal Citation
The Turabian referencing style is a simplified version of the Chicago style. It sets rules for students citing sources in research papers not intended for publication, while the Chicago style aims at publishers.
Both use the notes-bibliography and the author-date format. The former requires footnotes or endnotes and a bibliography section, and it is the preferred choice in the arts, history, literature, philosophy, and other humanities fields. The latter uses in-text citations and a reference list and has a place in physical, natural, and social sciences.
The author-date format is more common in academic writing, so let’s see how to use it to cite journals in the Turabian style.
Turabian journal citation guidelines for reference lists
There are two formats for citing journals in the Turabian style, depending on the medium:
- Print journal articles
Structure: Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Name if any, or initial(s). Publication Year. “Article title: Article subtitle.” Journal Title Volume Number, Issue Number if available (Month or Season): Page Range.
Examples:
Smith, John Maynard. 1998. “The origin of altruism.” Nature 393 (June): 639-640.
Baker, Max T. 2009. “Sevoflurane-Lewis acid stability.” Anesthesia & Analgesia 108, no. 6 (Summer): 1725-1726.
- Online journal articles
Structure: Author’s Last Name, First Name Middle Name if any, or initial(s). Publication Year. “Article title: Article subtitle.” Journal Title Volume Number, Issue Number if available (Month or Season): Page Range. Accessed Month Day, Year. URL or DOI
Examples:
Held, Joshua R. 2020. “Religious Approaches to Milton.” Modern Philology 118, no. 2 (November): 304-317. Accessed February 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1086/711073
Ghumkhor, Sahar, and Maree Pardy. 2021. “Imagining Muslim women in secular humanitarian time.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 46, no. 2 (Winter): 386-716. Accessed February 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1086/710809
Espira, Leon M., Andrew F. Brouwer, Barbara A. Han, Johannes Foufopoulos, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg. 2022. “Dilution of epidemic potential of environmentally transmitted infectious diseases for species with partially overlapping habitats.” The American Naturalist 199, no. 2 (February): E43-E56. Accessed February 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1086/717413
*Note: When citing a source with up to ten authors, list all the names in the reference list. Reverse only the first author’s name even when a source has only two authors. When a source has more than ten authors, list the first seven, followed by “et al.”
Turabian in-text citation rules for referencing journals
The Turabian style requires using superscript1 numbers to indicate sources in the text in the notes-bibliography format, while the author-date system uses parenthetical in-text citations.
The following is the author-date format to use:
Structure: Author’s Last Name Year, Page or Page Range
Examples:
(Smith 1998, 639-640)
(Baker 2009, 1725-1726)
(Held 2020, 309)
(Ghumkhor and Pardy 2021, 454)
(Espira et al. 2022, E47)
*Note: The last example (from the online journal article above) has five authors, so the in-text citation includes only the first one, followed by “et al.” That’s the standard for citing sources with four or more authors.
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