A Comprehensive Review of The Cinco De Mayo: La Batalla

Cinco de Mayo: La Batalla (May 5: The Battle) is a historically significant Mexican film that vividly portrays the events surrounding the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862. This iconic battle marked a pivotal moment in Mexican history when the Mexican Liberal army, under the command of General Ignacio Zaragoza, successfully defended Puebla against the French and Mexican Conservative forces. Beyond the battle itself, the movie delves into the complex web of historical figures, political motivations, and international dynamics that shaped this critical chapter in Mexican history.

The Historical Context

To fully appreciate the significance of the Battle of Puebla, one must understand the historical context of 19th-century Mexico. During this period, Mexico was marked by political turmoil, including the War of Reform, led by President Benito Juarez, which aimed to establish a liberal and secular state. However, this reform faced staunch opposition from the Conservative faction, who sought to maintain traditional, often church-backed, privileges.

After suffering defeats at the hands of the Liberals, the Conservative forces turned to France, specifically Emperor Napoleon III, for support. Napoleon III saw an opportunity to expand French influence and proposed establishing an empire in Mexico. His ambitions extended beyond Mexico; he envisioned using the country as a military platform to aid the Confederate States during the American Civil War, a plan that drew President Abraham Lincoln's concern.

Victor Hugo's quote at the beginning of the movie, "France is not at war with you, but the empire," highlights the distinction between the French Republic and Napoleon III's empire. It suggests that Hugo believed France should have remained a republic rather than succumbing to imperial rule. This distinction becomes a central theme in the movie.

The Protagonist, Juan Osorno

Juan Osorno, a Mexican soldier, emerges as the de facto protagonist in the film. His character provides a lens through which viewers can engage with the historical events. The film introduces him alongside a scene of execution, believed to depict Maximilian I, along with Tomas Mejia and Miguel Miramon – all figures tied to the conservative cause.

The film takes creative liberties by infusing a romantic subplot between Osorno and Citlali, a mestiza aiding her aunt within the Mexican troop. Osorno initially deserts the army, displaying signs of cowardice, but later returns with Citlali, becoming a crucial source of information for General Zaragoza. This romantic element adds a human touch to the story, although it might be seen as an unnecessary embellishment.

Osorno's character also sheds light on the challenging conditions faced by Mexican soldiers during this time. He comments on their lack of training, preparation, and proper equipment, such as uniforms and rifles. His perspective offers insight into the hardships endured by Mexican troops during the war.

The Battle of Puebla

The Battle of Puebla itself is a central highlight of the film, consuming approximately 30 minutes of screen time. The battle scenes are intense, portraying massive shootings, beheadings, cannon explosions, and "machetazos" (slashes with machetes). While these scenes are undoubtedly dramatic, the reviewer suggests that a shorter portrayal of the battle, around 15 minutes, might have sufficed, as the extended combat sequences risk overwhelming viewers.

Despite the odds stacked against them, the Mexican forces, led by General Zaragoza, managed to secure victory, forcing the French to retreat. Commander Latrille, who led the French troops, felt humiliated by what he considered an "inferior army." This outcome highlights the determination and resilience of the Mexican forces, despite their limited resources and training.

Key Figures in the Film

The film also pays attention to key historical figures. President Benito Juarez is portrayed as a wise and peaceful leader who seeks negotiations with Spain, England, and France. His willingness to engage in dialogue while preparing to defend Mexico reflects his commitment to preserving his country's sovereignty. General Ignacio Zaragoza, appointed as the War Secretary, promises his wife that he will defend Mexico against the French, displaying a sense of duty and patriotism.

The movie criticizes the feelings of inferiority and defeatism that permeated Mexican society during this period. General Zaragoza's words on the morning of May 5, 1862, uplifted the troops and condemned these sentiments, highlighting his dedication to inspiring confidence and unity.

International Relations

The film also sheds light on the international dynamics of the time. Spanish General Prim, along with his English counterpart Commodore Dunlop, initially sought negotiations with the Mexican government regarding the debt. However, they later rejected the French plans to establish an empire in Mexico, highlighting their neutrality and reluctance to engage in imperial ambitions.

On the other hand, French diplomat Mr. Saligny is portrayed as arrogant and dissatisfied with the conditions at the Fort of San Juan de Ulua. His stance aligns with Napoleon III's ambitions to establish an empire in Mexico. The Spanish and English representatives, Prim and Dunlop, eventually discover the French intentions only when Charles Ferdinand Latrille, Count of Lorencez, arrives with a sizable French force.

Conclusion

In conclusion, "Cinco de Mayo: La Batalla" offers a captivating cinematic journey into Mexican history, specifically the Battle of Puebla in 1862. It explores the intricate web of political struggles, international ambitions, and the resilience of the Mexican people. Through the lens of Juan Osorno, viewers are introduced to the challenges faced by Mexican soldiers during this tumultuous period.

The film highlights the roles of key figures such as President Benito Juarez and General Ignacio Zaragoza in defending Mexico's sovereignty. It also underscores the importance of international relations and the reluctance of some foreign powers to support French imperial ambitions.

While the battle scenes are dramatic, the film could benefit from a shorter portrayal of the conflict to maintain viewer engagement. Nevertheless, "Cinco de Mayo: La Batalla" provides a valuable perspective on a crucial moment in Mexican history, shedding light on the determination of a nation to defend its independence. It is a film that not only educates but also entertains, and its relevance extends beyond Mexican borders, offering insights into the complex historical events that have shaped modern-day celebrations of Cinco de Mayo in the United States. Understanding the historical context behind this holiday enriches our appreciation of Mexican culture, traditions, and the enduring spirit of a nation.

References

1. Rojas Rabadán, A. (2019). Cinco de Mayo: A comprehensive guide to the Mexican holiday. University of Texas Press.
2. Bazant, J. (2016). The French army in Mexico: Its disintegration and its legacy. University of Nebraska Press.
3. Henderson, T. (2017). A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War with the United States. Macmillan.
4. Hamalainen, P. (2009). The Comanche Empire. Yale University Press.
5. Davis, W. C. (2006). Three Roads to the Alamo: The Lives and Fortunes of David Crockett, James Bowie, and William Barret Travis. HarperCollins.