A Discourse Analysis of Al- Ahram Online

How has the military been covered tahrir square dispatch ? A discourse analysis of Al- Ahram online.

One of the remaining protesters ,a, Adel el - handy ,a, a 54yearold towers contractor ,a, said the soldiers had torn his shelter lanugo but he would stay and sleep in the open.

'The soldiers told us to go. They removed our tents but we will stay. We want flip side government. We need starchy government. They want to steal our revolution,' he said.

After the unwashed tried to gravity the demonstrators out of the square, a undeniability went out over loudspeakers and via text message and social media for people to return and make a stand. By the afternoon, a 1000 or increasingly had arrived. They were confronted by small groups of counter- demonstrators who told the protesters to winnow the military's assurances and leave.

The demonstrators said well-nigh 30 were underdeveloped and taken to a military recipe at the nearby Egyptian museum where detained protesters have previously been tamed and interrogated.

All virtually Tarrier Square, life was getting when to normal. Banks ,a, schools and colleges opened. Traffic was flowing again, although it ground to a halt on the main roundabout when the demonstrators launched a sit down protest in front of the military police.

Then word came that the much hated starchy police were demonstrating outside the interior ministry for a pay rise, an unthinkable act of refractoriness just a few weeks ago.

Many Egyptians are prepared to take the army's word that it is single-minded to self-ruling elections. Some opposition leaders say the protest genie is out of the snifter and the military will not dare go versus the will of the people.

But just to remind the army, a victory triumph is planned for Tarrier Square on Friday at which organiser’s of the protests plan to signify a 'council of trustees ' to –a– as Ronald Reagan put it in negotiating nuclear

Although these services provided increasingly reliable news coverage than those provided by official media, Arab viewers were frustrated that they received the news well-nigh their own context from a Western perspective (Pintak, 2006).Different groups compete to tenancy the media as an instrument of social power, or an Ideological State Apparatus(ISA)in the sense of Althusser (1971), to legitimate and naturalize their ideologies, beliefs, and values (Van Dijk, 1995).

1. As El-Nawawy and Iskandar (2002:12) put it: “by questioning everything, Aljazeera had opened a window to issues avoided and restricted by the Middle East.” Aljazeerahas rendered government media spiel less reliable by presenting events from a variegated perspective and 15consequently well-expressed people’s perceptions, attitudes, and views well-nigh reported events.
2. The Revolution took the world by surprise; only a few days surpassing the protests tapped out, many analysts and Egyptian peerage thought that having a Tunisian style uprising was untellable in Egypt. The media played an integral role in the Egyptian Revolution by reporting the events as they unfolded.
3. The variation was primarily due to variegated ideological stances: official media, on the one hand, represented the voice of the government whose aim, throughout decades, was to promote government practices and maintain dominance through a hegemonic discourse.

Research Question:

Specifically, the study aims at answering the pursuit research questions:

1. How were the protests represented in Al-Ahramand Aljazeeranews coverage of the Egyptian Revolution?
2. How were the protesters represented in Al-Ahramand Aljazeeranews coverage of the Egyptian Revolution?
3. How were the Egyptian government, President, and ruling party represented in Al-Ahramand Aljazeeranews coverage of the Egyptian Revolution?
4. Given any differences between the news coverage of Al-Ahramand Aljazeera, what are the discursive and sociopolitical practices that can explain these differences?
5. What are the implications for the future of the media situation in Egypt?

What is CDA?

he targets of CDA are power elites that sustain social 46inequality (van Dijk 1993) and it has the aim of “improving society” (Huckin, 1995: 95) by “empowering the powerless, giving voice to the voiceless, exposing power abuse, and mobilizing people to remedy social wrongs” (Blommaert and Bulcaen, 2000: 499).

• Consider for examples the sparsity of the wage-earner in unrepeatable syntactic structures which is sometimes utilized in media texts, as well as other texts, to deemphasize negative deportment of the in group or positive deportment of the out group. Within media spiel analysis, a stardom is made between variegated types of media: press, radio, and TV.
• In his typesetting 'The Language of News Media', Bell (1991) addresses some of the main topics that relate to the interaction between language and media with a focus on methodological aspects of media spiel analysis.
• Van Dijk (1985) nature this lack of classical mass media research in the field of linguistics to three reasons: First, linguistics itself did not have much to offer to those interested in media spiel wringer considering linguistic grammars were not concerned with analyses on the ‘text’ level until the 1970s, and mainly dealt with ut opian descriptions of isolated sentences.
• The increasingly recurrent these representations are, the increasingly likely they wilt naturalized and turn into cognitive concepts. The study of the content of online news websites to understand the ways through which variegated media outlets construct their representations of reality is worldwide in recent studies on media discourse.

Analysis and Discussion :

Textual analysis:

• Textual wringer deals with the structuring, combining, and sequencing of propositions. In interpretive approaches to spiel such as CDA, Comment by null.
• Textual wringer is concerned with both what is present and what is not present in the text considering “every specialty of textual content is a result of choice” (Richardson, 2007).

It can be organized under four main headings: vocabulary, grammar, cohesion, and text structure. Vocabulary deals with words at the lowest level of analysis; grammar is concerned with a higher level that deals with how words are combined to form phrases and clauses; a higher level is cohesion which has to do with how clauses and sentences are linked together; and text structure deals with large-scale organizational properties of texts.

Discursive practice:

Discursive practice“involves processes of text production, distribution, and consumption, and the nature of these varies between variegated types of spiel equal to social factors” (Fairclough 1992:78).

In interpretive approaches to discourse such as CDA, 57textual analysis is concerned with both what is present and what is not present in the text because “every aspect of textual content is a result of choice” (Richardson, 2007).

• At this stage, analysis becomes discourse analysis rather than textual analysis as it analyses texts in relation to social conditions of production and consumption.
• Understanding texts, particularly media texts, involves more than encoded and decoded meanings that depend on the encoder’s intention; it involves professional practice sand organizational routines that “are based in particular social relations, and particular relations of power” (Richardson, 2007: 40).

Social practices part:

The insights of textual and discourse analysis (i.e. the first two dimensions of the framework) are expanded to include the wider society in which the text is produced (Richardson, 2007)

CONCLUSIONS

Following that,summarize the findings of the study, with reference to its research questions (see 1.5.), and point out directions for future research on media discourse analysis in the Arab world context.

• On the other hand, Aljazeerais one of the main transnational networks in the Arab world whose coverage is considered relatively independent of government influence and, hence, represents free media in the Arab world.
• Then, I highlight the main factors responsible for the contrast between official and semi- 210independent media discourse, and their implications for the future of the media situation in Egypt.
• To analyze these two outlets’ coverage was of significance in that it allowed for a contrast between controlled and independent media news reporting in the Arab world.
• Thus, the present research has aimed at investigating how issues of ideology, power, and hegemony were enacted and resisted in media discourse during Egypt’s 2011 Revolution.
• An analysis of the paper’s coverage of the uprising gives insights into how official media portray events at times of crisis and how issues of power and dominance play out in their coverage.
• One of the main goals of CDA research is to expose how dominant groups use the language to maintain dominance and unequal relations of power (Fairclough & Wodak, 1997; van Dijk, 1996, 2001, 2006)