A Geographic Information System (gis)

Ahmad Aldhafiri CEGR 4802/1/2018

GIS

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographic data. The key word to this technology is Geography – this means that some portion of the data is spatial. In other words, data that is in some way referred to locations on the earth.Coupled with this data is typically tabular data known as attribute data. Attribute data can be generally defined as additional information about each of the spatial features. An example of this would be schools. The actual location of the schools is the spatial data. Additional data such as the school name, level of education taught, student capacity would make up the attribute data.It is the partnership of these two data types that enable GIS to be such an effective problem solving tool through spatial analysis.

GIS is more than software. People and methods are combined with geospatial software and tools, to enable spatial analysis, management large datasets, and the display of information in a map / graphical form. GIS help people life and there are more than 50 application usesed in life.

Telecom and Network services by GIS can be a great planning and decision making tool for telecom industries. GDi GISDATA enables wireless telecommunications organizations to integrate geographic data in to the complex network design, planning, optimization, maintenance and activities. This technology allows telecom to enhance a variety of application like engineering application, customer relationship management and location based services. GIS can be used to create effective and efficient farming techniques. It can also analyze soil data and to determine: what are the best crop to plant ?, where should go? how to maintain nutrition levels to best benefit crop to plant ?. It is fully integrated and broadly accepted for helping government agencies to manage programs that support farmers and protect the environment. This could increase food production in different parts of the world so the world food crisis could be avoided. Today a well-developed GIS systems are used to protect the environment. It has become an integrated, well developed and successful tool in disaster management and mitigation. GIS can help with risk management and analysis by displaying which areas are likely to be made to natural or man-made disasters. When such disasters are identified, preventive measures can be developed.

IT helps to document the need for federal disaster relief funds, when appropriate and can be utilized by insurance agencies to assist in assessing monetary value of property loss. A local government need to map flooding risk areas for assess the flood potential level in the surrounding area. The damage can be well estimated and can be shown using digital maps. Also rapid development occurs in the banking sector. So it has become more market driven and market responsive. The success of this sector largely depends on the ability of a bank to provide customer and market driven services. GIS plays an important role providing planning, organizing and decision making.

Systematic, periodic and precise snow cover mapping supported by GIS technology, and the organization of the results in a snow cover information system forms The basis for a wide range of applications. On the practical side, these applications are related to the monitoring of seasonal and annual alterations of the snow cover under the current existing climatic conditions, to simulate and forecast runoff, to map the regional distribution of the water equivalent, and to document the recursion process of the snow cover during the melting period in its relation to geological features.GIS is coming to help people in their life to make easy and protected. Gis is save people money and time. IT can uses in agriculture, security, economy and communication.

Works Cited

1. Burrough, P. A., & McDonnell, R. A. (2015). Principles of Geographical Information Systems. Oxford University Press.
2. Chang, K. T. (2018). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems. McGraw-Hill Education.
3. Craglia, M., Haining, R., & Wiles, P. (2000). Spatial Analysis and GIS. Taylor & Francis.
4. DeMers, M. N. (2019). Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. Wiley.
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6. Maguire, D. J., Batty, M., & Goodchild, M. F. (Eds.). (2005). GIS, Spatial Analysis, and Modeling. ESRI Press.
7. Peterson, M. P. (2013). Geographic Information Systems in Fisheries. CRC Press.
8. Schuurman, N. (2004). GIS: A Short Introduction. Wiley.
9. Star, J., & Estes, J. E. (1990). Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction. Prentice Hall.
10. Tomlin, C. D. (Ed.). (2018). Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling. ESRI Press.