Analysis of The Film Mulan from The Perspective of Sociology

Introduction to Mulan’s Sociological Themes

The 1998 animated film Mulan opens with a dramatic scene of the Great Wall of China under attack by the Huns, led by the ruthless Shan Yu. The narrative quickly shifts to the life of Mulan, the daughter of a war veteran. As she struggles to conform to societal expectations of women, Mulan decides to disguise herself as a man to take her father’s place in the army. The film explores complex themes of gender, identity, and societal expectations, making it a rich subject for sociological analysis.

Gender and Societal Expectations

At its core, Mulan examines the intricate ties between gender roles and societal obligations. This is evident from the opening song, “Honor to Us All,” which highlights the gendered expectations placed upon men and women. The line, “A man by bearing arms, a girl by bearing sons,” encapsulates the rigid roles within a militaristic culture. These roles are further tied to the family and the state, symbolizing the emperor as a paternal figure analogous to Mulan’s grandmother, Fa.

The film portrays the Fa family as a microcosm of the larger state, with gender norms reinforcing both familial and political structures. The Fa family’s dynamics reflect societal pressures, where honor and shame are central to maintaining order. This intertwining of personal and political spheres underscores the pervasive influence of gender norms in shaping individual and collective identities.

Performance of Gender

Mulan’s journey is marked by her performances of both femininity and masculinity, challenging the notion that gender is inherently tied to biology. Her initial failure at the matchmaker’s test exemplifies her struggle to fit into the prescribed role of a woman. This failure is not due to her lack of femininity but rather the unrealistic expectations placed upon her. Through this, the film critiques the artificiality of gender norms.

As Mulan transitions to her role as a male soldier, the film draws parallels between the training camp and the matchmaker’s test. Both environments demand adherence to rigid norms that alienate individuals from their true selves. Mulan’s unconvincing masculine performance highlights the absurdity of these norms, while her ingenuity and resilience eventually earn her respect and success.

Masculinity and Its Challenges

Hegemonic masculinity is a recurring theme in Mulan, depicted through characters like Chi Fu and Captain Shang. Chi Fu’s exaggerated misogyny and his moments of vulnerability, such as his squeal during the swimming scene, reveal the performative nature of masculinity. Similarly, the camaraderie among Mulan’s fellow soldiers, Ling, Yao, and Chien-Po, evolves as they shed their masculine façades to help Mulan in a critical moment, dressing in drag to infiltrate the palace.

Captain Shang, however, remains steadfast in his adherence to traditional gender roles. His discomfort in navigating his feelings for “Ping” (Mulan’s male persona) and later for Mulan as a woman illustrates the internal conflict that arises when rigid gender norms are challenged.

Self-Identity and Growth

A central theme in Mulan is the protagonist’s quest for self-identity. Mulan’s transformation throughout the film is not just about proving her worth to society but about finding and accepting her true self. Her journey demonstrates the power of self-discovery and the courage required to defy societal expectations.

Mulan’s actions are driven by her desire to protect her family rather than seeking personal glory. This selflessness, combined with her determination, ultimately redefines her identity. By the film’s conclusion, Mulan emerges as a symbol of resilience and individuality, challenging the traditional markers of honor and success.

Feminism and Gender Equality

While Mulan is not overtly feminist in its narrative, it subtly advocates for gender equality. The film portrays a society where women’s contributions are undervalued, yet Mulan’s success demonstrates that traditional gender roles are limiting and outdated. Her journey underscores the importance of recognizing and valuing individual capabilities, regardless of gender.

The film’s portrayal of Mulan’s male comrades embracing their vulnerabilities and working alongside her reinforces the message of equality. Together, they demonstrate that overcoming societal challenges requires cooperation and mutual respect, embodying the principles of gender equality.

The Role of Ontology and Ethics

The film explores the relationship between ontology (being) and ethics (action) through Mulan’s defiance of societal expectations. As a woman, Mulan is expected to adhere to specific roles dictated by her sex and gender. However, her actions challenge these norms, suggesting a redefinition of duty and honor based on individual worth and familial love rather than societal constructs.

The film also touches on the complexities of love and relationships. The hesitant and awkward courtship between Mulan and Shang highlights the challenges of navigating romantic relationships within the confines of rigid gender norms. This dynamic raises questions about the authenticity of societal expectations surrounding love and courtship.

Conclusion: A Timeless Tale of Empowerment

Mulan is a multifaceted film that delves into themes of gender, identity, and societal expectations. Through its compelling narrative and complex characters, the film challenges traditional norms and advocates for self-acceptance and equality. Its enduring appeal lies in its ability to resonate with audiences, offering valuable lessons on individuality, resilience, and the importance of challenging societal constraints.

The film’s nuanced portrayal of gender and identity, combined with its powerful message of empowerment, ensures its place as a timeless classic. By celebrating the strength and courage of its protagonist, Mulan continues to inspire and empower viewers across generations.