Analysis of The Stages of Cubism: Analytical Cubism and Synthetical Cubism

Introduction

Cubism was one of the most influential art movements of the twentieth century. The pioneers of the Cubist movement were Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who developed Cubism between 1907 and 1914. Cubism significantly changed artistic perspectives and laid the foundation for modern art movements such as Futurism and Constructivism.

Defining Characteristics of Cubism

One of the key features of Cubism is its representation of three-dimensional objects in abstract form on a two-dimensional surface. Objects are fragmented, analyzed, and reconstructed, with multiple perspectives visible simultaneously. Another characteristic of Cubist paintings is the breaking and interlocking of background and object in geometric designs, creating a shallow sense of space.

Stages of Cubism

Analytical Cubism (1908-1912)

During the early stage of Cubism, objects were deconstructed and reconstructed in abstract forms. The technique of depicting multiple perspectives simultaneously defined Analytical Cubism. The use of monochromatic color schemes, primarily greys and ochres, was a key feature of this stage. Influences from Paul Cezanne and African sculptures were evident in the simplification of objects into basic geometric shapes.

Synthetical Cubism (1912-1919)

The second stage of Cubism saw a shift in artistic techniques. Artists such as Picasso and Braque introduced collage elements, incorporating paper cutouts, newsprint, and found objects into their compositions. This phase marked the beginning of montage in modern art, emphasizing the idea that art could be derived from everyday materials. Synthetical Cubism focused more on color and texture, creating compositions with a sense of realism within abstraction.

Influence and Legacy

Throughout the Cubist movement, Picasso and Braque closely collaborated until World War I, when Braque enlisted in the French Army. Their innovations influenced a wide range of artistic disciplines. After the war, Braque adopted a more relaxed approach to Cubism, incorporating bolder colors and a freer style.

Conclusion

The development of Cubism represented a radical departure from traditional artistic perspectives. The movement fundamentally altered the depiction of space, form, and composition in art. While Analytical Cubism emphasized structure and form, Synthetical Cubism introduced mixed media and new artistic methodologies. The legacy of Cubism continues to shape modern and contemporary art.