Characters' Dreams Deferred in "A Raisin in The Sun"

Throughout the play "A Raisin in the Sun," Lorraine Hansberry explores the concept of dreams deferred and the impact it has on the characters. The play follows the Younger family as they navigate the challenges of racism, poverty, and societal expectations in 1950s Chicago. Mama's dream of providing a better life for her family is a recurring theme that resonates with the other characters, revealing their own dreams and the sacrifices they are willing to make. This essay will analyze the dreams deferred by Mama, Walter, and Beneatha, and how their pursuit of these dreams shapes their identities and relationships.

Mama's Dream: A Symbol of Hope

Mama, also known as Lena, is the matriarch of the Younger family. Her dream is to own a house with a garden where her family can thrive. Throughout the play, Mama's dream is often mentioned, symbolizing hope for a better future. For Mama, the dream represents stability, security, and the ability to provide for her children. It is a manifestation of her love and dedication to her family.

Mama's dream is deferred due to the limitations imposed by racism and economic inequality. With limited financial resources, the Younger family lives in a cramped apartment in a poor neighborhood. Mama's dream is further deferred when the family receives a life insurance check following her husband's death. Walter, Mama's son, has different ideas for the money, and tensions arise as he tries to convince Mama to invest in a business venture. Mama's dream becomes a point of conflict and a reflection of the generational divide within the family.

Walter's Dream: The Desire for Financial Success

Walter, Mama's son, has his own dream of financial success. He believes that money is the key to achieving happiness and respect in society. Walter's dream is deferred by the economic realities of racism and his own personal flaws. He struggles to find his purpose and often feels emasculated by his job as a chauffeur. Walter's dream is reignited when he sees an opportunity to invest in a liquor store, which he believes will bring him the financial security he desires.

However, Walter's pursuit of his dream becomes a source of tension within the family. His obsession with money blinds him to the needs and dreams of others, including his sister Beneatha. Walter's dream is ultimately deferred when he loses the family's money through a fraudulent business deal. This failure forces Walter to confront his own shortcomings and reevaluate his priorities.

Beneatha's Dream: The Quest for Self-Identity

Beneatha, Mama's daughter, represents the younger generation's struggle to find their place in a changing world. Her dream is to become a doctor and break free from societal expectations of women. Beneatha's dream is deferred by sexism and the limited opportunities available to African American women in the 1950s. Despite these obstacles, Beneatha remains determined to pursue her dream.

Throughout the play, Beneatha is seen exploring her African heritage and embracing her identity as an independent woman. She rejects the traditional gender roles imposed on her and questions societal norms. Beneatha's dream is deferred when she faces resistance from her family and receives criticism for her unconventional beliefs. However, her resilience and determination enable her to continue fighting for her dream.

The Implications of Deferred Dreams

The dreams deferred by Mama, Walter, and Beneatha highlight the challenges faced by African Americans during this period. They symbolize the larger struggle for equality and the limitations imposed by systemic racism and economic inequality. The play explores the consequences of deferred dreams, showing how they can lead to frustration, tension, and a loss of identity.

In conclusion, "A Raisin in the Sun" examines the dreams deferred by the characters and the impact it has on their lives. Mama's dream serves as a symbol of hope and represents the desire for stability and security. Walter's dream reflects the pursuit of financial success, while Beneatha's dream represents the quest for self-identity. These dreams, deferred due to racism and societal expectations, shape the characters' identities and relationships. The play highlights the consequences of deferred dreams, shedding light on the challenges faced by African Americans in their pursuit of a better future.

Works Cited:

Hansberry, Lorraine. "A Raisin in the Sun." Vintage Books, 1995.