Contrasting Societies: New England Vs. Chesapeake in The 17th Century

In the early 17th century, two distinct societies formed in the New World: the New England and Chesapeake regions. While both regions were founded by English colonists, their different experiences and values resulted in distinct, separate societies. The differences in their social, economic, and political structures are evident in the documents and historical records from the time period, which is explored in this essay.

Social Structures

The social structures of the two regions were vastly different. New England was settled by Puritans seeking a place to build their ideal society and practice their religion freely. As a result, the population was primarily made up of families who migrated from England together. In contrast, Chesapeake was initially founded as a business venture and attracted primarily single young men hoping to make a fortune in tobacco cultivation.

The family-oriented structure of New England resulted in tight-knit communities centered around town life. Churches were at the heart of these communities, and religion played a significant role in everyday life. Schools were also a priority, and education was highly valued. This is apparent in Document E, which shows that a group of New England settlers made it a priority to fund a college.

Chesapeake, on the other hand, had a more scattered and disconnected community. The population was mainly focused on making a profit through tobacco cultivation, and little attention was paid to education or religion. Document B supports this notion of Chesapeake society, as it shows the age and gender distribution of the region, highlighting the absence of families and women.

Economic Structures

Economically, the two regions also had distinct structures. New England was made up of small towns, and farming was the primary means of sustenance. Due to the rocky soil and colder climate of the region, crops were not as profitable as in Chesapeake. Instead, the economy relied on fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.

Chesapeake, on the other hand, was built upon tobacco cultivation. The climate and soil were ideal for the crop, and it quickly became a cash crop for the region. The economy revolved around these plantations, and the region became a hub for trade and commerce as a result. Document C illustrates the economic prosperity of Chesapeake, with large plantation homes and wealthy families.

Political Structures

The political structures of the two regions also differed significantly. New England was established as a self-governing society made up of town meetings, where every adult male could participate in decision-making. Government was based on religious principles, and leaders were elected by the townspeople.

In contrast, Chesapeake was ruled by a governor appointed by England. The governor held most of the power in the region, and little input was given to the colonists. Document A shows the laws established by the Virginia assembly, which further strengthen the governor's power over the colonists.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the differences between New England and Chesapeake regions were deeply rooted in their social, economic, and political structures. The two societies developed distinct ways of life as a result of their differing experiences and values. While both regions were founded by English colonists, their unique circumstances resulted in entirely separate societies.