Darker Side of Cultural Displacement from Humanism to Post Humanism

Abstract

In a traditional sense humans have been considered to be solidly and indisputably classified as high-functioning animals, but both their biological and physical constraints limit/tether humankind to the base level. It is here that Post Humanism promises a condition in which humans and intelligent technology are intertwined by means of developing science, including hereditary building, computerized innovation, and bioengineering, as a venture to alter the human species to modify their body and look, alter human life span, mental aptitude, and faculties. A vicious side of such a promise for human enhancement other than as therapy is seen in these 21st centuries Hollywood films such as in Morgan's British-American science fiction film by  Luke Scott where an artificial being with nanotechnology-infused synthetic DNA The 'hybrid biological organism” named Morgan is more astute than humans and develops rapidly. At a point when the girl breaks free, the staff members find themselves in a dangerous lockdown with a capricious and fierce engineered human. Furthermore, in the film Splice Canadian-French sci-fi film by Vincenzo Natali investigates a great deal of the moral ramifications of making new life remixed from developed genes of Earth. Thirdly in Elysium American science fiction action film produced, written, and directed by Neill Blomkamp. Set in a future where just two worlds exist: the affluent, who live on a man-made space station called Elysium, and poor people, who live on the tragic survives from the Earth.

Keywords- Ethics, Hybrids, Enhancement, Humans, Transhumanism

In a traditional sense, humans have been considered to be solidly and indisputably classified as high-functioning animals, but both their biological and physical constraints limit/tether humankind to the base level. It is here that Post Humanism promises a condition in which humans and intelligent technology are intertwined by means of developing science to alter the human species by modifying their body and look, altering human life span, mental aptitude, and faculties. Transhumanism is a way of thinking that tries to take us toward a post-human condition. Utilizing both advanced nanotechnology or radical innovative enhancements and through the blend of biological advancements such as genetic engineering, life extension therapies, neural interfaces, or brain mapping, transhumanism supplants the human consciousness by these artificially created intelligent cyborgs or cross breeds.

These technologies seek to end all human realities such as disease, aging, and even death. They may empower us to enjoy more noteworthy 'morphological freedom' through prosthetics or hereditary design. Transhumanism expects to use complex innovation to design and overhaul the human populace's insight and physiology to superhuman levels as they have confidence in the compatibility between the human personality and computer hardware. In short equivalent access of contemporary technology to all is what transhumanists advocate for. A progression from the present human condition, to moving beyond other physical constrained due to the natural limitations of humanity is the ultimate objective of transhumanism.

Transhumanist scholars contend that there not simply exists an imperative for people towards advancement and improvement of the human condition but also conceivable for mankind to enter a transhuman phase, in which people are responsible for their own development. A natural evolution in such a stage would be supplanted with intentional changes. 'Utility' by Jeremy Bentham is the contrast between net happiness and net suffering. Numerous transhumanist advancements can possibly diminish this suffering. In order to accomplish the best utility, we should limit the suffering. Perpetual human existence is also sought by a few transhumanists as it would wipe out the suffering brought about by the dread of death. Disability can be eliminated by Therapeutic means of transhumanism by the use of smart prosthetics. Genetic engineering more comprehensively could be utilized to abstain from having a child with any hereditary disability by rejecting such embryos or by including characteristics’ of guardians' choices.

Transhumanism in the long run by expanding the humans’ ability to fix neurological issues, of creating artificial bodies or limbs, of ideas/thoughts enables people to live without any restrictions forced by their physical structure and lets human beings to be their own masters. These potential changes to the human body are proposed by transhumanists due to a conviction that every single person can possibly live a satisfying life, and that the normal lack of the body shouldn't disrupt the general flow of such a presence. Ultimately transhumanism improves the existence of humans by expelling the other physical aspects that can debilitate or even execute us. However, many would contend that the end of suffering may not promise happiness. Happiness is not determined by the overall magnitude of suffering, yet rather by one's passionate mentality and position in contrast with others. Some have recommended that suffering adds to a fuller life experience by and large. At the end of the day, suffering is a fundamental part of the human experience.

What the paper inquires is: who might administer and take an interest in this improvement of the populace? Some transhumanism are making it obvious it's a constrained few. In doing as such, they are thinking a way nearer with the impacts of selective breeding called “eugenics'. It is the study of improving the human species by specifically mating individuals with explicit, 'attractive' innate characteristics to breed out infection, inabilities, and other 'bothersome' human qualities. It was very well known with the Nazis. While even transhumanism doesn't expressly encourage rearing for the prevalence of one such explicit superior group, but the strategies embraced by some prominent transhumanists go for a similar end. This paper in an effort to better understand and evaluate transhumanism and its vicious side of such a guarantee of human improvement is studied through the medium of film.

Films can act as case studies by which to discuss the ethical issues at hand. In addition, the film connects generations, individuals, and societies – allowing for an exchange of perspectives. In a few of the 21st century Hollywood movies, for example, Morgan (2016) British-American sci-fi movie by Luke Scott, Splice (2009) Canadian-French sci-fi movie by Vincenzo Natali, and Elysium (2013) American sci-fi action movie produced, written and directed by Neill Blomkamp. The 'hybrid biological organism” named Morgan with nanotechnology-infused synthetic DNA is an artificial being with respect to self-sufficient decision making and enthusiastic responses and is more intelligent and matures quickly than a normal human being. Morgan, who's in fact only 5 years of age (however far more astute and more grounded than her years) rises out of the corporate fixation of genetic engineering and is not a far variant of a 'human' being. She is a corporate trial who has experienced childhood in a glass box. The film opens with an unstable scene in which she's told, by one of her guardians (Jennifer Jason Leigh), that they will need to trim back on the time she invests outside — the time that Morgan esteems with so much emotion. She responds to the news by jumping out of her seat and attempting to hook the watchman's eye out.

So here's the rub: Morgan has emotions, yet she likewise has a profoundly overdeveloped (or perhaps simply uncontrolled) id. She'll gaze intently at a questioner over the table with a hope to slaughter; she can glare into a surveillance camera and let the individual watching feel as though she's looking appropriate back at them. At the point when the young lady breaks free and starts going crazy, the staff individuals end up in a perilous lockdown with an unusual and savage engineered human. Here the authorities choose what Morgan ought to and ought not to do she is chained in, her emotions are not esteemed, she is constantly under the surveillance of the camera. The corporates need to prepare her to be the perfect species to stay as an extraordinary case of human intelligence instead of letting her to be the means by which she is. Splice (2009) investigates a ton of the moral ramifications of making a new life remixed from advanced qualities on Earth. What marks as science improving people with counterfeit bodies, mind-boosting medications, or genetic engineering, turns into a bad dream where man is obliged to the innovation he makes.

Splice is a film about Clive Nicoli (Adrien Brody) and Elsa Kast (Sarah Polley), a pair of researchers who work in the field of hereditary design. The couple makes hereditarily changed animals whose tissues incorporate hormones and synthetic substances that could conceivably fix savage human infections. Clive and Elsa's lab, Nucleic Exchange Research and Development (or, as an abbreviation, NERD), is owned by a pharmaceutical organization that circumspectly empowers their work, realizing that the researchers' manifestations contain the potential for leap and, considerably, bigger benefits. After a few failed experiments and being forbidden by their bosses from endeavoring to either clone or change human DNA, Elsa inserts her very own hereditary material into an embryo. Consequently, the couple is troubled with a mysterious child who has both human and non-human DNA. The animal, who Elsa names Dren (Delphine Chanéac), a re-arranged word for 'geek,' develops at a quickened pace, and before long winds up both a physical and sexual danger to both of her new parents. Dren causes both Elsa and Clive to perform sexual and rough acts that become progressively debased and frantic as the film advances. What started as something crisp declines into the equivalent slithery, goopy, bleeding thriller wherein Dren all of a sudden experiences a sex change and fiercely assaults Elsa. This drives us to an end that the Integration of machines and science undermines our very meaning of mankind and that they are excessive without passionate emotions.

Elysium (2013) depicts two worlds in the year 2154 - an unhealthy and overpopulated Earth and Elysium, a space station where world-class life a long way from the fuming masses in superbly manicured houses. Malignancy can be restored in seconds on Elysium. Set in a future where just two classes of individuals exist: the well-off, who live on a man-made space station called Elysium, and poor people, who live on the dystopian Earth. Those that stay on Earth wind up without access to the modern innovation that makes life on Elysium virtual heaven free from sickness or different issues that plague society. Those that are blessed enough to live on Elysium are able to utilize their maximum potential as individuals are devoid from the limits of their own physical bodies. The significant topic addressed in this film is the role of innovation in improving human presence and how inconsistent access to such innovation represents a significant risk to the general welfare of humankind.

This idea is thusly a significant part of transhumanism, which is defined by noted transhumanist Nick Bostrom of Oxford University as “an international cultural and intellectual movement with an eventual goal of fundamentally transforming the human condition by developing and making widely available technologies to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities.” Basically, transhumanism is the conviction that disparity, physical/mental lack, and cultural issues that are brought about by human impediments can be overwhelmed by expanded access to innovation. Transhumanism believes that it can and should profit to every single individual, regardless of their national identity, sexual orientation, race, religious beliefs, gender or other factors by the marvels of present-day innovation. To transhumanists, it is unfathomable that individuals in developing nations can't exploit their natural potential as a result of an absence of access to innovation that is broadly accessible in wealthier countries. Such inconsistent access to innovation implies that not only will these individuals suffer, yet that humankind all in all will suffer due to the potential commitments that will never be made by a section of the worldwide populace because of their absence of access to significant innovation. Transhumanism is like humanism in that it puts an equivalent incentive on all human life and on its dependence upon science and human advancement rather than prayers or religious conviction to improve mankind.

Elysium is positively implied as an ethical evaluation of disparity a cutting-edge story of those who are well off versus the less wealthy. The rich, in Blomkamp's earth of 2154 live on the space station of Elysium-a trans-humanist heaven where ailments are wonderfully checked away while the whole earth underneath has turned into an immense ghetto. Elysium is the mother of all gated networks the individuals inside it are rich and wonderful while those outside suffer. Elysium demonstrates to us that innovation can extraordinarily improve the lives of those that approach its advantages. It additionally demonstrates to us the shades of the evil of permitting just the affluent to appreciate such innovation and the requirement for egalitarian philosophies like transhumanism which advocates for both expanded use of innovation and equivalent access to its advantages.

Conclusion

What does transhumanism mean for those who are not enhanced? Like most front-line medicinal advancements today, the first and most desirable transhumanist devices will be restricted to the well-off. The well-off and special can utilize these gadgets to strengthen their prevalent social position. Efforts could be made to guarantee that equivalent enhancements are accessible to all, yet this would confine the assets that could be allotted to upgrading every person. The rich would consistently have the option to purchase predominant upgrades on the underground market. Taken to the extreme, transhumanism could make a society with human and transhuman castes, with transhumans apparently progressively esteemed for their upgraded capacities.

With an obsession/fixation on elite offspring, those with money and power will utilize Transhumanism as a possibility and may sanction horrendous things in the name of contributing to the future of humanity like sterilization and genocide. While the primary unfortunate casualties will consistently be oppressed and underestimated, no one is really 'safe' from being proclaimed 'unacceptable' for an elite human race. When a few people are announced prevalent, they could change the meaning of mediocrity to incorporate anybody they please. In the event that that seems like fear-mongering, here's a reminder that the Nazis were so intrigued with making a superior race that they sterilized 400,000 Germans and submitted mass genocide.

An intriguing point is about having an everlasting life and joy. Is it fortunate or unfortunate to live forever the end of time? Won’t people be tired of being happy forever? Nobody knows, nobody did. Without genuine changes, I believe individuals can't remain glad always, yet they can trick themselves that they are happy. Yes, the virtual world gives opportunity, and yet, it leaves you no way to battle against the strong grounded forces. When you turn yourself into data with no control over the code how might you be certain your mind will cease to exist forever? In the physical world, it's straightforward. No heartbeat, no breathing — you are dead. In the virtual world, individuals are put away on numerous servers in various variants and nobody can check if this information was deleted. The supreme code can do anything it needs and it will never be caught or blamed for injustice. AI is the new God and we as a whole will play by its principles without a possibility of infringement. Foucault's idea that we live in a panoptic culture – one in which the feeling of being unendingly watched imparts discipline – is presently extended to the point where the present perpetual apparatus has been known as a 'superpanopticon'.

Reference

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2. Elysium. Directed by Neill Blomkamp, Sony pictures, 9 Aug.2013.
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4. Morgan. Directed by Luke Scott, 20th Century Fox, 2 Sep. 2016.
5. Splice. Directed by Vincenzo Natali, Warner Bros. Pictures, 6 Oct.2009
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