3d Holographic Projection Technology: Designing a Prototype

Abstract

• Hologram is an emerging technology to represent and display visual information with high expectations in terms of user experience.
• Hologram is a reproduction of light field through interface patterns between two wave fields the reference and the object wave fields.
• In this paper we talk about the importance and need of hologram technology and its effects on various fields and present an interactive aerial projection of 3D hologram objects by using the pyramid hologram and parabolic mirror system (for 3D hologram object reconstruction).

This paper follows the design and affirms the function of projection of 3D multi-dimensional hologram image by a prototype demonstration.

There isn’t any prototype concept fully implementing hologram technology. I would like to design a prototype model implementing hologram technology.

Literature Work

3D holographic projection is a quickly developing innovation. With each business desperately attempting to get their product to stand out from the competitors, 3D multi-dimensional image publicizing and advancement is quick turning into an attractive achievement. Because of the most recent work in HD projection and CGI innovation, 3D holographic projection has changed itself from its basic starting points into a cutting-edge visual technology. It is also used in (Big Brother), Coco-Cola and BMW. With relatively boundless holographic potential outcomes, from life like people to blockbuster-style enhancements, and the constant advances in innovation, 3D holographic projection has a bright future ahead.

A holoprojector will utilize holographic innovation to extend large scale, high-pixel pictures onto a wide range of surfaces, at various angles of distances, from a generally little scale projection gadget. With many of the most recent huge budget film discharges being accessible in 3D, and everybody discussing the 3D future of TV, many eyes are beginning to center around 3D hologram projections without the glasses.

Until currently, holographic data disks and holo technology drives were just a matter of research. They were too expensive and awkward to use to be buyer markedly practical. In any case of ongoing upgrades in the accessibility and cost decrement of lasers, advanced cameras, and optical encoding substances are making a difference to storage large amount of holographic information into the devices.

The first holographic data disks were showcased in the market last year. Up to this point, these holographic disks are still expensive and just Holographic Read Only Memory (HoloROM) is out. Regardless, re-writable holographic disks should turn out in the following couple years. Further, fabricating expenses will come down as item volume develops. This is a similar design of enhanced item progression and reasonableness that occurred after CDs and DVDs were first propelled.

Present day three-dimensional ("3D") show advances are progressively high and not only in PC designs, as well as in other differing conditions and advances also. There is additionally a developing progression that two-dimensional projections of 3D scenes, generally alluded to as "3D PC illustrations", can be insufficient for inspection, navigation, and understanding of a few kinds of multivariate information.

Without the advantage of 3D rendering, even fantastic pictures that have astounding point of view delineations still seems to be unrealistic and level. For such application conditions, the human profundity prompts of stereopsis, movement parallax, and (maybe to a lesser degree) visual convenience are progressively perceived as critical and essential for encouraging picture understanding and realism.

In different parts of 3D show advances, for example, the equipment required for viewing, the wide field of virtual reality has driven the PC and optics industries to deliver better stereoscopic protective cap mounted and bloom-mounted displays, and the related equipment and programming to render scenes at rates and characteristics expected to deliver the dream of the real world. Notwithstanding, most voyages into virtual the truth are right now single and burdened ones: clients regularly wear protective caps, unique glasses, or different gadgets that present the 3D world just to every one of them independently.

A typical type of such stereoscopic displays utilizes shuttered or passively polarized eye wear, in which the observer wears eyewear that blocks one of two displayed pictures, only one each for each eye. While these methodologies have been for the most part fruitful, they have not met with boundless acknowledgment since observers for the most part don't prefer to wear hardware over their eyes.

Consequently, a need still stays for exceptionally powerful, down to earth, proficient, uncomplicated, and cheap autostereoscopic 3D shows that permit the eyewitness finish and unrestricted flexibility of development. Moreover, a requirement keeps on existing for useful autostereoscopic 3D shows that give a genuine parallax involvement in both the vertical and the flat development bearings. In this manner, a need still stays for exceptionally compelling, practical, proficient, easy, and inexpensive autostereoscopic 3D shows that permit the observer complete and unhampered flexibility of development.

Also, a need keeps on existing for down to earth autostereoscopic 3D shows that give a genuine parallax involvement in both the vertical and the flat development bearings. be found to these issues. In addition, the regular increasing need to save expenses, enhance efficiencies, enhance execution, and meet such competitive pressure adds much more noteworthy to the basic need that answers be found to these issues.

Approach/Methodology

Prior to the actual processing of the interactive 3D hologram objects, we introduce the related works concerning the displaying of 3D objects in space (based on CGH and SLM technique) and the 3D object manipulation (based on the interactive object using Leap Motion sensor and the augmented reality using HoloLens). There are two kinds of the aerial projection techniques: the computer-generated hologram (CGH) and the spatial light modulator (SLM) technique.

Computer Generated Hologram

Computer Generated Hologram (CGH) is one of the techniques to make a hologram object. In this kind of system, a hologram object is projected by laser light, which is divided into two types: object light and reference light by a half mirror. While object light is projected from an illumination to the object as scattered light, reference light is a medium-recorded interfacing fringe formed by the object light. Firstly, by illuminating the hologram using a laser source with two mirrors placed at the same angle and a lens for positioning the reference light, an image is generated at the previous position of the objects in the recording process. Then the holographic object can be reproduced with some brightness (decided by the amplitude of light) and at some direction (decided by the phase of light).

Spatial Light Modulator Holograms

3D images can be built using the spatial light modulator (SLM) based on the intensity of the light beam. SLM is used in the holographic data storage setup to encode some information data into the laser beam in the same way as doing a transparent foil for an overhead projector.

The reconstruction of spatial image is made in a similar manner when the objects are being observed directly. This method is mainly used in internal photography.  The internal photography is a special kind of method which can reproduce discrete light rays from an object. The 3D holographic object is produced with a newly-devised space-saving image-readout optical system for multiple reflection type SLMs. There are many applications based on SLM which need a computer device as the host.

The function of the host computer is to control the sending of the command signal and displaying signal of the SLM itself in real time. The device needs a driver as the interface for computer and SLM. This driver reconstructs the object pattern. Then the 3D hologram object is generated.

Although these two techniques produce a hologram object, there is a considerable distance between the hologram object and the user that the object is projected in the opposite side of the user, therefore making it impossible to be interacted by the user. Other problem of SLM is about the capability of spatially-resolved intensity modulation, phase shifting, beam steering or the wave front shaping, and the total control of complex wave fronts. Therefore, it is difficult to apply SLM to our intended system which can project 3D hologram object with simple structure and uncomplicated mechanism.

Requirement

The requirement of aerial projection of 3D hologram objects system is divided into two categories. The first requirement is the aerial projection of 3D hologram object reconstruction which is to be projected in the mid-air. The second requirement is the user interaction of the 3D hologram object. It means that the purpose of this system is not only to reconstruct and project the 3D hologram object in the mid-air but also to facilitate users to do some interaction using his/her finger movement.

Design Principle

Aerial Projection of 3D Hologram Object ReconstructionFirstly, we explain the design principle of 3D hologram object projected in the mid-air. The system mainly consists of 3D object reconstruction device (pyramid hologram system) and aerial projection device (two concave mirrors). The 3D object reconstruction device can create the 3D holographic image as the original object from a LCD display. And aerial projection device makes the 3D hologram image projected in the mid-air.

• 3D Hologram Object ReconstructionThe first part is 3D object reconstruction by using pyramid hologram device. In this part a 3D original object is built, which can be illuminated by the parabolic mirror. Pyramid hologram is a simple device which is made by cutting a transparent acrylic sheet into the special shape of a hollow pyramid. The pyramid hologram creates a 3D illusion for the viewer and makes an object to appear in mid-air. Four symmetrically opposite variations of the same object in LCD display are projected on the four faces of the pyramid. By means of this projection, each side of the object falls at the center of the pyramid.
•  3D Hologram Object Projection in Mid-AirAfter displaying a 3D object on the pyramid hologram, the second part is aerial projection device. The basic element of this part is the concave mirror (parabolic mirror) a cube object is set at the bottom of the parabolic mirror as the original object. The light (a, b and c) can illuminate the 3D hologram object at the top of the parabolic mirror. However, the object and the hole should be set near the focal point both at the upper side and lower side of the parabolic mirror, respectively. Therefore, the aerial image of the objects is focused near the hole at the upper side of the parabolic mirror.

A working model prototype implementing holo technology shall be displayed.

Conclusion

The 3D graphics is the starting point or basement for the 3D holographic projection technology. It very well said that this technology is having many advancements in numerous nations. It is not exaggerated to say that this innovation contains the future, and who first advance this innovation will start things out into the positions of trend setting innovation later.