Fossil Fuels and Renewal Energy

Introduction

Men have been using fossil fuels to generate energy for a long time. It has become an alarming problem as the climate changes day by day and the demand for fossil fuels increases. Burning coal, petroleum, and other fossil fuels is used to produce electricity, but it pollutes two vital elements: air and water in our environment.

Fossil Fuels and Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is an alternative source to produce energy, and it does not have any negative impact on the environment, thus keeping it safe. With a population of 163 million, Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries. Rapid urbanization fueled by stable economic growth has created a huge demand for energy. In Bangladesh, the electricity comes from burning gas or fuel. The utility electricity sector in Bangladesh has one National Grid with an installed capacity of 15,379 MW as of February 2017 (Government of Bangladesh, 2017).

The Government of Bangladesh has plans to increase power generation, and the demand for electricity is projected to reach 34,000 MW by 2030. There is an ambitious target to generate 2000 MW of renewable energy electricity by 2021, with at least 10% coming from renewable sources, including solar power systems. For this purpose, the government is currently working to install solar panel-based power projects connected with the national grid, which will have a 572 MW capacity. Out of 2000 MW solar energy, 1000 MW would come from rooftop systems. There is an urgent need to employ renewable energy in every possible form and move toward a sustainable energy sector. Photovoltaic systems are one of the most important and promising technologies capable of producing the electricity needed to meet global demand.

Advancements in Photovoltaic Systems

Since the last decade, the photovoltaic industry has grown more than 40% per year due to a decrease in PV system costs (International Energy Agency, 2020). There are two effective systems for solar photovoltaic plant design: stand-alone systems and grid-connected systems. Karki et al. (2017) conducted an analysis of grid-connected PV systems in Kathmandu and Berlin using PVsyst software. The simulation found that Kathmandu produced more solar energy than Berlin with the same system. Irwan et al. (2016) conducted a study to analyze a 150kW solar power plant, revealing that Cyprus has a high number of sunny days in a year, making the investment in the solar plant highly effective.

Shukla et al. (2015) performed the design and analysis of a rooftop solar PV system for a hostel building at MANIT, determining a payback period of 8.2 years. Raturi et al. (2018) studied the grid-connected PV system for Pacific island countries in a case study of a 45 kWp GCPV system located at the University of the South Pacific (USP) marine campus in Fiji. Further, Dawn et al. (2019) showcased recent developments in India's solar sector. Matiyali et al. (2021) evaluated the performance of a proposed 400 KW grid-connected solar PV plant at Dhalipur, calculating performance ratios and various types of power losses. The performance ratio obtained was 78.1%, demonstrating the practicality of the solar photovoltaic power plant.

Conclusion

We found that PVsyst software is the best software for simulation of sizing, optimizing, loss analysis, and financial analyses of a grid-connected photovoltaic system. We calculated financial analyses and simulations with PVsyst V 6.43 software. Proper sizing and calculation of a grid-connected PV system were done for Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.