Frankenstein: a Comparative and Contrasting Analysis

This novel explores themes of ambition, human nature, and the quest for knowledge through the tragic tale of Victor Frankenstein and his monstrous creation. When comparing and contrasting different aspects of the novel, it becomes evident that Shelley's work can be viewed through various lenses, including thematic elements, character parallels, and ethical considerations. This essay aims to delve into these dimensions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the novel's complexities.

Thematic Elements

One of the most prominent themes in Frankenstein is the pursuit of knowledge and its consequences. Both Victor Frankenstein and Robert Walton, the Arctic explorer who rescues Victor, embody the Enlightenment's quest for scientific advancement. Victor's unyielding ambition to transcend natural boundaries leads him to create life, an act that ultimately results in his downfall. Similarly, Walton's expedition to the North Pole symbolizes humanity's relentless drive to conquer the unknown. However, while Victor's ambition leads to catastrophic outcomes, Walton heeds Victor's cautionary tale and chooses to abandon his perilous journey, highlighting a critical divergence in their character arcs.

Another significant theme is the conflict between creator and creation. Victor's relationship with his creation is fraught with tension and animosity. Initially, Victor is repulsed by the creature's physical appearance, which leads him to shun his creation. This abandonment fosters a deep sense of isolation and vengeance in the creature, ultimately driving him to commit heinous acts. The dynamic between Victor and his creation raises profound ethical questions about responsibility and the moral obligations of a creator towards their creation. This theme is mirrored in modern discussions on artificial intelligence and genetic engineering, making Shelley's novel remarkably prescient.

Character Parallels

The characters of Victor Frankenstein and his creation serve as foils to one another, reflecting contrasting aspects of human nature. Victor represents the Enlightenment ideal of intellectual pursuit, but his narcissism and lack of foresight lead to his ruin. On the other hand, the creature, despite his grotesque appearance, exhibits a profound capacity for emotional depth and intellectual growth. His initial innocence and desire for companionship are corrupted by societal rejection and Victor's neglect, transforming him into the very monster he is perceived to be.

Furthermore, the creature's existential plight can be compared to that of Adam in John Milton's Paradise Lost, a text that Shelley explicitly references. Like Adam, the creature is brought into a world where he must navigate his existence without guidance. However, unlike Adam, who has a direct relationship with his creator, the creature is abandoned and left to fend for himself, leading to his feelings of betrayal and despair. This parallel accentuates the theme of isolation and the innate human need for connection and acceptance.

Ethical Considerations

Frankenstein raises several ethical dilemmas, particularly concerning scientific experimentation and the limits of human endeavor. Victor's transgression against natural laws by creating life from dead matter poses a moral quandary about the extent to which humanity should interfere with nature. His failure to foresee the ethical implications of his actions results in a chain of tragedies, underscoring the novel's cautionary stance on unchecked scientific ambition.

Moreover, the novel addresses the ethics of parental responsibility and the consequences of neglect. Victor's refusal to acknowledge his creation's need for guidance and companionship mirrors the failures of negligent parenthood. The creature's subsequent descent into violence and vengeance can be seen as a direct result of this neglect, prompting readers to consider the broader societal implications of abandonment and the moral duty of care.

Conclusion

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a multifaceted work that continues to resonate with contemporary audiences due to its exploration of timeless themes and ethical questions. By comparing and contrasting the thematic elements, character parallels, and ethical considerations within the novel, we gain a deeper understanding of its enduring relevance. Shelley's narrative serves as a poignant reminder of the potential perils of unchecked ambition and the moral responsibilities that accompany the pursuit of knowledge. In this way, Frankenstein remains a critical text for examining the complexities of human nature and the ethical dimensions of scientific advancement.