Friendship in The Epic of Gilgamesh

Throughout the Epic of Gilgamesh, the ancient Mesopotamian poem, friendship is a central theme that is explored in various passages. The protagonist, Gilgamesh, demonstrates different characteristics in his friendships, which have significant implications for the overall narrative. This essay will analyze the characteristics that Gilgamesh shows in his friendships, drawing on evidence from the text and credible scholarly sources. Specifically, it will examine the qualities of loyalty, companionship, and mutual support that Gilgamesh exhibits in his relationships. By exploring these characteristics, we gain a deeper understanding of the importance of friendship in the epic and its relevance to human experience.

The Characteristic of Loyalty

In the passage where Gilgamesh meets Enkidu for the first time, the epic portrays the characteristic of loyalty. Gilgamesh, a powerful king, is initially depicted as a tyrant who oppresses his people. However, when Enkidu challenges him to a duel, Gilgamesh is impressed by his strength and courage. Instead of viewing Enkidu as an enemy, Gilgamesh recognizes his potential as a loyal companion. This is evident in the text when Gilgamesh says, "Come, friend, let us go to the house and drink together, let us enjoy ourselves day and night" (Tablet 1, Column 3, lines 198-199). This passage highlights Gilgamesh's willingness to forge a friendship based on mutual loyalty and shared experiences.

Gilgamesh's loyalty is further exemplified in his relationship with Enkidu throughout the epic. Despite facing numerous challenges and dangers, Gilgamesh remains steadfast in his commitment to his friend. For instance, when Enkidu falls ill and dies, Gilgamesh is devastated and mourns his loss deeply. He even embarks on a quest to find immortality in order to bring his friend back to life. This unwavering loyalty demonstrates Gilgamesh's profound dedication to his friendships and underscores the significance of friendship in the epic.

The Characteristic of Companionship

Gilgamesh's friendships are characterized by companionship, as seen in his bond with Enkidu. In the passage where they first become friends, the epic describes their companionship as one of equals. Gilgamesh and Enkidu embark on various adventures together, such as their quest to slay the monstrous Humbaba. Their companionship is portrayed in the text when Gilgamesh says, "Now, my friend, let us go together to the great Cedar Forest, to the dwelling-place of Humbaba" (Tablet 4, Column 3, lines 223-224). This passage highlights the sense of camaraderie and shared purpose that exists between Gilgamesh and Enkidu.

Moreover, Gilgamesh's companionship extends beyond his relationship with Enkidu. In the later parts of the epic, he forms a close bond with Utanapishtim, the survivor of the Great Flood. Despite their significant differences in power and status, Gilgamesh seeks Utanapishtim's wisdom and guidance. This companionship is evident in the text when Gilgamesh says, "Tell me, how was it that you came to enter the company of the gods and to possess everlasting life?" (Tablet 10, Column 2, lines 2-3). This passage shows Gilgamesh's desire for companionship and his willingness to learn from others, even those who are considered superior to him.

The Characteristic of Mutual Support

In addition to loyalty and companionship, Gilgamesh also exhibits the characteristic of mutual support in his friendships. This is evident in the passage where he mourns the death of Enkidu. Gilgamesh is deeply affected by the loss of his friend and seeks solace in the company of others. The text describes this mutual support when it says, "All the people of Uruk came, the great people, they kissed his feet, they embraced him" (Tablet 8, Column 5, lines 2-3). This passage illustrates the support that Gilgamesh receives from his community in his time of grief, emphasizing the importance of mutual support in times of hardship.

Furthermore, Gilgamesh's friendship with Enkidu is characterized by mutual support throughout their adventures. They rely on each other for strength and encouragement, particularly during their encounters with formidable foes. The epic depicts this mutual support when Gilgamesh says to Enkidu, "Take hold of my hand so that I may go on trusting you" (Tablet 3, Column 2, lines 9-10). This passage highlights the trust and reliance that Gilgamesh places in Enkidu, further underscoring the significance of mutual support in their friendship.

Conclusion

Friendship is a fundamental theme in the Epic of Gilgamesh, and Gilgamesh's relationships exemplify various characteristics such as loyalty, companionship, and mutual support. Through his friendships with Enkidu and Utanapishtim, Gilgamesh demonstrates his capacity for loyalty and his willingness to form deep connections with others. Additionally, his companionship with Enkidu and reliance on Utanapishtim highlight the importance of shared experiences and learning from others. Moreover, the mutual support that Gilgamesh receives from his community and provides to his friends emphasizes the significance of solidarity in times of need. Overall, the Epic of Gilgamesh affirms the timeless value of friendship and its transformative power in the face of adversity.