Grave of The Fireflies

Introduction to Formalism

Formalism is an approach that emphasizes the intrinsic properties of a work of art, treating each piece as a distinct and unique creation. According to Barrot and Sipacio (2016), this approach prioritizes the formal features of a text—such as its structure, style, imagery, tone, and genre—over any historical context, the author's background, or other external factors in interpreting its meaning. By focusing on these elements, formalism provides a deeper appreciation of the text's artistry and craftsmanship.

Analysis of "Grave of the Fireflies"

The animated film "Grave of the Fireflies" narrates the poignant story of two children from the port city of Kobe who become homeless due to the bombings during World War II (Jun, 2011). It is a tragic tale of survival, highlighting the struggles faced by a teenage boy, Seita, and his younger sister, Setsuko.

Use of Metaphors and Similes

The story is primarily told from Seita's perspective, employing metaphors to convey its central themes. The fireflies, appearing whenever Seita and Setsuko feel hopeless, symbolize the light or lamp of hope guiding them through difficult times. When Setsuko questions why fireflies must die so soon, it underscores the themes of hopelessness and the brevity of life, reflecting their loss of their mother. Additionally, a simile is used in the story to describe how the candy tin serves as emotional support for Setsuko. Each time she feels gloomy or misses her mother, Seita gives her a candy, transforming his role from a brother to a mother figure. This act symbolizes that, despite their challenges, hope persists with every sweet taste.

Flashbacks and Emotional Depth

The writer effectively uses flashbacks to remind the audience of the pain associated with losing a loved one. These flashbacks, showcasing their mother's sweetness and care, intensify Seita's mourning. When Setsuko learns the truth about their mother, Seita's emotional fragility is laid bare as he breaks down in tears. Despite his emotional vulnerability, Seita demonstrates bravery by facing numerous challenges to survive alongside his sister. However, the devastating effects of war, coupled with Seita's pride and ego, ultimately lead to Setsuko's tragic death.

Consequences of Pride and War

Their aunt advises Seita to find a job, but he refuses, opting to leave her home instead. As resources dwindle, they resort to stealing fruits and consuming frogs. Setsuko suffers from diarrhea and malnutrition, and despite Seita's desperate attempts to feed her, his efforts come too late. In her final moments, Setsuko expresses kindness and gratitude to her brother by saying, "Seita, thank you." The film's conclusion is heart-wrenching, as it underscores the devastating impact of war on innocent lives and the consequences of prideful decisions.

Conclusion

"Grave of the Fireflies" serves as a powerful illustration of the formalist approach, where the story's formal features and emotional depth create a compelling narrative. Through its use of metaphors, similes, and flashbacks, the film delves into themes of hope, loss, and the human spirit's resilience amidst adversity.

References

• Barrot, J. S., & Sipacio, P. J. F. (2016). Introduction to Literary Theory. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing.
• Jun, A. (2011). Grave of the Fireflies: A Critical Analysis. Tokyo: Film Studies Press.