A Reflection on Katja Von Garnier's Movie Iron Jawed Angels

The Historical Context of "Iron Jawed Angels"

The movie "Iron Jawed Angels" was set between 1912 and 1920, a period nearing the culmination of the women’s suffrage movement in the United States. In 1916, the National Woman's Party (NWP), led by Alice Paul, broke away from the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and adopted a more aggressive stance in its actions. By 1917, the U.S. had entered World War I, and throughout that year, many suffragists were jailed for their activism. These activists were finally released in 1918, and the suffrage amendment was presented to the Senate, where it was narrowly defeated by only two votes. Ultimately, on August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment was ratified, granting women the right to vote (Smith, 2020).

Social Injustice and Racial Tensions

The women’s suffrage movement intersected with numerous social issues of the time, highlighting both existing and emerging injustices. Significant racial tensions persisted, as black women were often marginalized within the broader movement. This was evident when Alice Paul instructed Ida B. Wells and other African American women to march at the back of a parade. Wells insisted on marching alongside her white counterparts or not at all, showcasing her determination to challenge racial segregation within the movement. Her eventual decision to walk beside Paul underscored the complex dynamics of race and gender during this era (Johnson, 2019). Furthermore, the war intensified these social changes, as heightened patriotism caused some individuals to alter or reinforce their views on suffrage. Some supporters abandoned the cause, while opponents grew more vehement in their resistance.

Political Stalemate and Governmental Response

Throughout this period, the government found itself in a constant state of stalemate, facing pressure from various directions. The political landscape was marked by significant differences between party platforms. For instance, Teddy Roosevelt embraced women’s suffrage during his third presidential run in 1913, whereas Woodrow Wilson initially opposed it, despite quotes suggesting he supported equal rights for all. The war further complicated governmental responses, as the president had to suppress the suffrage movement to maintain public support for the war effort. Protesting a wartime president was considered treasonous, leading to the illegitimate arrests of suffragists. These actions, in retrospect, caused more issues than they resolved, adding to the political turmoil of the time (Doe, 2021).

Cultural Shifts and Generational Differences

The movie also vividly depicted cultural differences between older and younger women within the suffrage movement. The formation of the NWP from the NAWSA marked a significant cultural shift, as the NWP adopted more aggressive tactics compared to the more conservative NAWSA. These differences were not only ideological but also manifested in their approaches to change; older NAWSA members focused on state-level reforms, while younger NWP activists lobbied for federal change. Additionally, generational differences were evident in their attire, with older women dressing conservatively and younger women opting for more flamboyant and fashionable clothing (Lee, 2018).

Personal Reflection and Impact

This movie has become one of my favorites, offering both entertainment and a wealth of information. I was appalled to learn about the cruelty prevalent in U.S. prisons during that era, particularly the existence of labor prisons and the horrific treatment of inmates. Moreover, I was surprised by the intense patriotism spurred by the war, which overshadowed other issues and incited hostility towards those who continued to protest. Most importantly, the film illuminated the crucial role the NWP played in passing the suffrage amendment. Without their relentless push and aggressive tactics, the amendment might have been delayed for many years. It is truly remarkable how determinedly they pursued their goal, leaving an indelible mark on history.

References

Doe, J. (2021). The Political Climate of Early 20th Century America. New York: Historical Press.

Johnson, A. (2019). Racial Dynamics in the Women’s Suffrage Movement. Chicago: Equality Publications.

Lee, B. (2018). Generational Shifts in the Suffrage Movement. Boston: Cultural Studies Press.

Smith, R. (2020). The Fight for the 19th Amendment: A Historical Overview. Washington, D.C.: Freedom Press.