Leaders: Are They Born Or Made?

Leadership is a complex and multifaceted concept that has been the subject of extensive study and debate. There are two contrasting views on the nature of leadership - some believe that leadership is an innate quality that individuals are born with, while others argue that leadership can be developed through education and experience. This essay will explore the characteristics of leadership, examine evidence supporting both the born and made theories, and delve into the interplay between nature and nurture in the development of leadership abilities.

Definition and Characteristics of Leadership

According to the born theory, some individuals possess innate qualities that predispose them to be effective leaders. These innate qualities may include charisma, intelligence, and emotional intelligence. On the other hand, the made theory posits that leadership skills can be acquired through learning, training, and experience.

Arguments Supporting the Born Theory

There is evidence to suggest that genetic factors may influence leadership abilities. A study conducted by the University of Illinois found that certain genes, such as the dopamine receptor gene DRD4, are associated with leadership roles and behaviors. This provides support for the idea that genetic predispositions can contribute to leadership potential.

Additionally, there are numerous examples of successful leaders who displayed innate leadership traits from an early age. For instance, Abraham Lincoln, known for his exceptional leadership during the American Civil War, was described as having natural leadership abilities even in his youth.

Arguments Supporting the Made Theory

Leadership development programs and education have been successful in nurturing and cultivating leaders. Research by the Center for Creative Leadership has demonstrated that leadership skills can be taught and learned, resulting in the development of effective leaders in various fields.

Case studies of individuals who acquired leadership skills through training and experience also support the made theory. For example, Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks, attributes his leadership abilities to the experience gained while working for Xerox and his subsequent education in business administration.

Discussion of the Role of Nature and Nurture in Leadership

While some individuals may have a natural inclination towards leadership, it is evident that leadership can also be nurtured and developed through education and experience. The interplay between nature and nurture plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's leadership abilities. Genetic predispositions interact with environmental factors and experiences to influence the development of leadership skills.

Counterarguments and Refutation

Opponents of the made theory may argue that not everyone has access to leadership development programs and education, which may hinder the development of leadership skills. However, this argument overlooks the fact that leadership can be developed through various avenues, including mentorship, on-the-job experience, and self-directed learning. These alternatives provide opportunities for individuals to cultivate their leadership abilities.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the debate surrounding the nature of leadership encompasses both the born and made theories. While genetic factors may contribute to some individuals' predisposition for leadership, it is evident that leadership skills can be developed through education, training, and experience. The interplay between nature and nurture shapes an individual's leadership abilities, highlighting the complexity of this phenomenon. Further research and exploration into the multifaceted nature of leadership are essential for understanding and developing effective leaders in various domains.

References

1. University of Illinois. "Genes Influence Leadership Roles and Leadership Success." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130123125241.htm
2. Center for Creative Leadership. "Impact of Leadership Development Programs." www.ccl.org/articles/leading-effectively-articles/making-an-impact-evaluating-leadership-development-programs/