Maddaddam as a Biblical Allegory

The MaddAddam series by Margaret Atwood serves as a profound exploration of societal themes, with religion standing out as a significant focus. Atwood intricately weaves biblical references and symbols throughout her narrative, evident in names like “God’s Gardeners” and motifs such as the serpents at Scales and Tails, which lure morally questionable customers. As one delves into the individual novels, it becomes apparent that Atwood employs various literary techniques—including symbolism, character development, and tone—to craft the MaddAddam series as a modern biblical allegory.

Setting the Stage: Oryx and Crake

In the first novel, Oryx and Crake, Atwood establishes the groundwork for the overarching themes through its plot and symbolism. The narrative opens in a dystopian future where humanity has attempted to assume the role of God through genetic experimentation and unchecked scientific advancement. This pursuit mirrors the hubris of characters from the Old Testament, as individuals believe themselves to be invincible, acting selfishly and devoid of moral consideration.

The introduction of the flood motif is pivotal, drawing parallels to the biblical flood where Noah was chosen to save select species. In Atwood’s rendition, Jimmy is chosen by Crake to survive the catastrophe and is tasked with overseeing the Crakers, who represent a new beginning for humanity. This deliberate allusion to the flood symbolizes a form of divine intervention, positioning Crake as a contemporary God figure.

Crake: The God Figure

Crake’s character embodies the archetype of God, as he manipulates the fate of humanity by creating the Crakers, a new humanoid species. His omniscience is highlighted when he permits Jimmy to end his life, entrusting him with the responsibility of nurturing this new race. The Crakers, in their post-flood existence, worship Crake as a benevolent deity. As they reflect on their creator, they view him through a lens of love and kindness, while Jimmy is acutely aware of Crake’s more complex and morally ambiguous nature. This dynamic parallels the relationship between Jesus and humanity in the New Testament.

Moreover, Jimmy’s character development positions him as a flawed savior. He does not conform to societal expectations, echoing the narrative of Jesus as a human who comes to redeem rather than to rule. Following the flood, Jimmy assumes the role of a spiritual guide, educating the Crakers about their origins and instilling in them rituals that honor Crake and Oryx. His ultimate sacrifice for the betterment of society in MaddAddam, where he saves Toby—who in turn teaches the Crakers to write—culminates in his representation of Christ-like devotion.

Tone and Atmosphere: The Religious Undertone

Atwood further enhances the biblical ambiance of the series through her tone. The God’s Gardeners community embodies a deeply religious ethos that permeates The Year of the Flood. Atwood’s reference to Noah’s task of preserving species serves as a critical reminder of the biblical narrative. “The task of saving the chosen species was given to Noah,” she writes, “keeping God’s beloved species safe until the waters of the Flood had receded” (The Year of the Flood 90). Such lines underscore the religious references and reinforce Jimmy’s Christ-like role in the narrative.

Additionally, Atwood maintains this tone in Oryx and Crake, weaving in themes that contrast the idealized perceptions of morality. Jimmy’s admiration for Oryx, despite her morally ambiguous history, illustrates the complexity of human nature and the challenges inherent in adhering to a rigid moral framework. This nuanced portrayal resonates with the Christian tenet of grace amidst imperfection.

Satire and Allegory: A Layered Commentary

Upon initial examination, Atwood’s biblical references may appear to be satirical critiques of religious institutions. However, a comprehensive reading of the MaddAddam series reveals that these allusions are intricately tied to a larger narrative framework reflecting biblical events. Atwood’s approach not only satirizes the act of writing itself but also critiques humanity’s intrinsic need for belief systems, as illustrated through the Crakers’ upbringing.

Through her sophisticated use of symbolism, character arcs, and tone, Atwood articulates a commentary on the immutable aspects of human nature. The following table summarizes key biblical parallels within the MaddAddam series:

Conclusion: The Cyclical Nature of Humanity

Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam series serves as a profound biblical allegory, illustrating humanity’s enduring struggles with morality, power, and belief. Through her masterful storytelling, Atwood not only critiques contemporary society but also reflects on the historical patterns that shape human behavior. The series ultimately posits that, despite advancements or societal changes, the fundamental desires and flaws of humanity remain constant, leading to an inevitable cycle of downfall.

References:

• Atwood, Margaret. The Year of the Flood. Nan A. Talese, 2009.
• Atwood, Margaret. Oryx and Crake. Nan A. Talese, 2003.
• Atwood, Margaret. MaddAddam. Nan A. Talese, 2013.