Malaria Free Campaign (mfc) in Uganda

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2016 that nearly half of the global population is at risk of malaria, with 429,000 malaria-related deaths and 212 million cases recorded worldwide. In Africa, Uganda ranks sixth among countries with the highest prevalence of malaria, with approximately 16 million cases and over 10,500 deaths annually (WHO, 2016). Alarmingly, over 34 out of 112 districts in Uganda lack access to malaria prevention measures due to their rural or remote locations. Notably, the districts of Kabale, Kanungu, and Kisoro exhibit the highest malaria incidence (Kiwanuka, 2010). If this trend continues, Uganda risks failing to achieve Target 6C of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) aimed at halting and reversing malaria incidence by 2015 (Max, 2016).

Current Malaria Situation in Uganda

A national malaria survey conducted in Uganda in 2011 indicated that 34.5% of the population in Kabale and Kisoro districts resides in wetlands, which serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes due to stagnant water. In contrast, 66.5% of the population lives on dry land (Aceng, 2018). The survey highlighted a significant shortfall in the distribution of treated nets and insecticides; for example, only 16,708 mosquito nets were distributed among a population of 30,000 in one district, with insecticides covering just a quarter of each district due to their remote locations (Yeka et al., 2012). This inadequacy has contributed to the ongoing spread of malaria in these areas.

Factors Contributing to Malaria Spread

The primary drivers of malaria transmission in Uganda include limited access to long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets and inadequate drainage systems, particularly for stagnant water. The national report indicated that treated mosquito nets cover only 42.7% of the country, leaving many children under ten vulnerable as their parents often neglect to use preventative measures (Wetaya, 2016). Furthermore, remote districts face challenges accessing essential health information regarding malaria treatment, control, and prevention. A study revealed that only 11.6% of households owned a TV or radio, while the literacy rate stood at 25.3%, making it difficult for residents to obtain critical information (Agaba & Mutabazi, 2017). Additionally, frequent rainfalls averaging 1500 mm over 24 hours contribute to stagnant water, further enabling mosquito breeding (AMF, 2017).

Malaria Free Campaign Implementation

In response to these challenges, the Malaria Free Campaign (MFC) was launched in Kabale, Kisoro, and Kanungu districts with the aim of improving access to insecticide-treated nets and other malaria control measures. The campaign aspires to reduce malaria cases and deaths by half, aligning with MDG 6, Target 6C, which emphasizes the importance of health for individuals and communities. The MFC includes educational outreach, informative materials, donations, and communication strategies designed to alleviate the burden of malaria in these districts.

Analysis of the Malaria Free Campaign

According to a study by Ssempiira et al. (2017), the MFC was initiated following a national malaria survey identifying the districts most affected by malaria. The campaign benefited the health department and focused on community engagement, particularly among children and pregnant women. A cluster sampling method was used to identify target populations in the districts, allowing researchers to reach underserved areas effectively. The design of this study helped prevent sampling bias, ensuring that all households in the three districts were accounted for before the survey (Ssempiira et al., 2017).

Strengths and Limitations of the Campaign

The MFC successfully increased the coverage of treated mosquito nets, with a reported rise of 8.37% from a baseline of 33.35% to 41.75% (Ssempiira et al., 2017). However, the campaign fell short of its objective of achieving 75% coverage across all households. While media outreach improved from 10% to 22.2%, this increase remains insufficient for meeting project goals. Additionally, the campaign successfully mapped and treated 57 mosquito breeding sites, but only 15%-25% of households reported using insecticides due to cost barriers (JHCCP, 2017). The clinical management of malaria in pregnant women also faced challenges, with coverage dropping from 30% to 22.3% by the end of 2013 due to medicine shortages (Ssempiira et al., 2017).

Recommendations for Future Campaigns

To enhance malaria eradication efforts, it is crucial to address the barriers hindering the sustainability of interventions. Strengthening partnerships with local communities and health organizations is essential. Adopting an evidence-based approach will facilitate more effective community engagement, ensuring that interventions are tailored to local needs. The campaign should also focus on mobilizing influential community members, such as local leaders and musicians, to promote malaria awareness through cultural channels. Additionally, collaborating with local radio stations and schools can help disseminate information to a broader audience.

Conclusion

The Malaria Free Campaign in Uganda represents a crucial step toward combating malaria in high-prevalence districts. While it has achieved some success in increasing net coverage and community awareness, significant challenges remain. Future efforts must prioritize comprehensive strategies that involve local communities and address economic barriers to ensure a sustainable impact on malaria prevention and control.