Overview of The Pros and Cons of Urbanization for Humans

Given the rise of urbanization, citizens who live in village or hometown are willing to relocate to big cities, such as Beijing, United States, New York. They wanted to have a better place to live. It is analyzed that urbanization could not be avoided. Urbanization brings advantages to humans. However, at the same moment, it also brings a couple of outcomes.

To begin with, migration of workers may bring benefits of the cities. One of them is that in the cities, the migration can boost the economic growth stably. China is considered to be one of the successful examples. In a recent era, China has become one of the well-developed cities among many countries. Its probable reason is that China started accepting foreign migrants about 20 years before. Skeleton (2011) claimed that the factor which the persisting living opportunities led to the emergence of a new trend of immigration to the fast-developing country. As the migrants came to the cities, various types of job opportunities were offered. Additionally, they are less educated than most of the local does, preferring to choose low-skilled jobs - construction workers is a case in point. The vast amount of manpower leads to the rise of Gross Domestic Product. The research by Maxmen (2018) suggests that within two years of an influx of migrants, the rates of unemployment drop and the economic is found to be healthier.

When a numerous amount of migrants relocate to the urban area, although it can alleviate the unemployment problem, overpopulation may happen in many cities. Hadly and Barnosky (2015) both argue that the growth of population will be rapid in migration crises. They proved that in these crises, its birth rates up to four times higher than other foreign cities. Overpopulation is usually a problem which the countries do not consider dealing with in first priority. When the problems is continued getting ignored, the demand of the resources in the cities, such as welfare and transportation, will rise drastically, given that the migrants are eligible to obtain the identities of being citizens. The resource output of the government will be vast consequently. There is a related question: “what connects the dots of too-rapid population growth, war, and migration?” They try to respond it that the growth ultimately results in the competition of resources, jobs, and even such basics as food and water. As a result, the locals may have the discrimination against the migrants, which is not the atmosphere that the cities want.

As argue above, the fierce competition of resource between various types of people is not a satisfactory situation; on the other side, both citizens and foreigners having jobs may benefit the entire marketing environment. It is believed that among the foreign workers, a lot of them are specifically-skilled. The migrants not only relocated to non-rural districts, but also choose to work there. According to the survey stated by Skeleton (2011), his article suggests nearly 5% of the foreigners aimed to work in China. Many of them have gained the experience of working in the workplace. More importantly is that they have the abilities of speaking and translating various types of foreign languages. Skeleton (2011) claimed the experienced migrants are come from the well-developed cities such as Europe and North America. As the foreigners have the knowledge about various languages, they are more likely to be offered by the local companies and ventures. The boosting rate of competitiveness may be a challenge for the locals. In an aim to apply and have a job successfully, they may self-boost and work harder to show they are still worthy, obtaining the confidence from the boss. As a result, the working efficiency of the labor force will be bolstered.

Another worth-noting point is that urbanization not only causes the population getting overloaded, but also causes the decline of rural places. The citizens living in their hometowns keeps decreasing due to the migration. The article written by Olmstead (2018) mentioned that from 2010 to 2014, rural areas lost around 33, 000 citizens a year. The insufficient of labor force and undeveloped technologies cannot avoid the small towns getting older and poorer. This situation is contrasting with the cities. It is also known that a few decades ago, people rely on the food resources in rural area, which is a place for reaping the crops and plants. However, in this days and age, teenagers no longer to do low-skilled jobs to make salaries, since being a farmer is an uneasy job. It is cleared that cities are more well-developed, even its economy hits an all-time high. On the other hand, small towns make no process.

To conclude, the rise of urbanization makes deep effects to our human-beings. Through it is controversial that the urbanization both brings positive and negative effects, by looking at it in different aspects and ways, it is believed that the rise of urbanization is essential for the human-beings, as it is a part of the human history.

Reference

1. Amy Maxmen (2018). Migrants and refugees are good for economies. Springer Nature. Elizabeth A. Hadly & Anthony D. Barnosky (2015).
2. Population Growth Is Driving the Migration Crisis. Consensus For Action. Gracy Olmstead (2018).
3. How to keep young people from fleeing small towns for big cities. The Week Publications. Ronald Skeldon (2011).
4. China: An emerging destination or economic migration. Migration Policy Institute.