Review on Information Systems

The field information system(IS) is a combination of processes, hardware, trained personnel, software, infrastructure and standards that are designed to create, modify, store, manage and distribute information to suggest new business strategies and new products. It leads to efficient work practices and effective communication to make better decisions in an organization. There has been a significant evolution of Information System function over the past few decades. It is changing day by day. It includes Data processing, Management Reporting, Decision support, Executive support, Knowledge management, and E-Business. Eventually, the IS (information system) is evolving drastically in different fields . A lot of companies are using in different perspectives to make their work Easier and now IS (information system) has improved the systems into artificial intelligence computer systems that can even be used to forecast business performance too.

Evolution of Information Systems: In 1950 ‘s the role of IS was mostly to perform activities like transaction processing, recordkeeping, and accounting. IS was mainly used for electronic data processing (EDP). EDP is described as the use of computers in recording, classifying, manipulating, and summarizing data. It is also called information processing or automatic data processing. Transaction Processing System (TPS) was the first computerized system developed to process business data. TPS collects, stores, modifies and retrieves day-to-day transactions of an organization. Usually, TPS computerize or automate an existing manual process to allow for faster processing. Examples of outputs from TPS are cash deposits, automatic teller machine (ATM), payment order and accounting systems. Later on, this was moved to MIS(Management Information Systems).Basically, MIS provides reports typically confirm transaction-processing activities and information establishes data into a format that an individual can review quickly.In DSS(Decision Support Systems) In this era personal computers were introduced with the introduction of PCs the distribution of computing is easily accessible. This new role of information systems to provide interactive ad-hoc support for the decision-making process to managers and other business professionals is called Decision Support Systems (DSS).

Later on moved to ERP(enterprise resource planning) it organized - a specific form of a strategic information system that incorporates all components of an organization including manufacturing, sales, resource management, human resource planning, and marketing.

Current Trends in Information Systems:

Now development moved to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to business information systems. Expert systems (ES) and knowledge management systems (KMS) interconnected to each other. Expert systems (ES) are a computer system that mimics the decision-making ability of human experts. For example, systems making financial forecasts, diagnosing human illnesses and scheduling routes for delivery vehicles. Knowledge management system (KMS) is an IT system that stores and retrieves knowledge to support creation, organization, and dissemination of business knowledge within the enterprise. ES uses data from Knowledge Management Systems to generate desirable information system’s output for example loan application approval system. when the internet plays a vital role in humans life here E-Business has evolved and right now most of the people are using E-commerce sites to do their work efficiently and easily. It has become major trending right now and doing a lot of business.The major difference is greater connectivity across similar and dissimilar system components. There is great network infrastructure, a higher level of integration of functions across applications and powerful machines with higher storage capacity. Many businesses use Internet technologies and web-enabled business processes to create innovative e-business applications.

Information system (IS) has turned out to be a proficient apparatus in the directing of business exercises. Organization administration has been enhanced after some time using data frameworks. Every one of the levels of administration has grasped electronic data frameworks since they are more proficient in the performing of business exercises. Organizations have embraced the frameworks to pick up an upper hand in their regions of specialization. It is along these lines prescribed that all associations grasp data frameworks in performing of all business activities.