Review on The Robotics: History and Impact

Every innovation has one thing in common which is Information technology also known as IT. IT field has been acting as a revolution in the advancement of the entire world, which is involved in every field of work. every field requires the help of information technology through which people are able to perform their tasks or work correctly and accurately. Just like thousands of innovations, Robotics is also an innovation which has been proven to be one of the most influential innovations yet. the robot is any machine which is operated by itself, automatically, eliminating the efforts of a human. it may or may not be in a physical form of humans but if it is able to perform human-like functions, that machine is called as a robot. The word robot is derived from the Czech word “robot” which means forced labor, the main concept of a robot or a machine is to make the working task of humans more convenient and efficient.

History of robotics

George Devol, an American engineer invented the first stationary industrial robot which was programmable known as Unimate, it was a hydraulic heavy lifting arm which was controlled electronically, it could function arbitrary sequences of motions. soon after some years. world's first production line of the robot was introduced to the in General motors corporation, a die casting factory in Trenton, new jersey, which had a task to remove and stack hot metal parts from die casting machine. this task was difficult for humans to do and it also took several hours to perform, but with the help of robotics, the task was done efficiently and with less number of errors. this introduction of robotic machine spread all over the world and soon Unimate arms were bought and sold with license all across the world, the automobile industry is the largest buyer of the machine. with the little more advancement in IT and artificial intelligence, more advanced arms were introduced which were controlled by computers and guided by sensors in the late 1960s and 1970s. after conducting a research by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford University, in which a camera was used attached with the robotic arm known, it became successful and the robotic hand-eye machines were used in the automobile industries to assemble automobile components, since 1978, the machine was called PUMA (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly). PUMA was largely recognized all over the world and since the 1990s, even smaller versions were introduced which were mostly used in the laboratories, for the precision of handling test tubes and pipetting intricate sequences of reagents.

In 1954, Barrett Electronics Corporation established a self-driving electric cart, which use to work without any driver. These machines navigated through AGVs (automatic guided vehicles), by following signal-emitting wires attached in concrete floors. Same principles were followed, after some advancement, mechanical method of the robotics got better and more complexed working more efficiently. The use of robotics started form Unimate arm machine and following the methodology of robotics every field of work innovated types of machinery which could help in the specific sector of the work. Machines did not only perform those tasks which were difficult for humans but also worked for 24 hours making the production rate faster, and due to higher rates of labor, business owners preferred the use of machines rather than having humans which needed several breaks and with non-consistent production rate. That how the use of machine spread all across the world and with the help of information technology, the technologies and types of machinery kept getting better.

Impact of the robotics in future

With the great influence of robotics and types of machinery on every sector and field of work, the requirement of future employees has been affected. Every work which is repetitive and needs a constant force for the task to be done will be taken over by types of machinery, there will be no more requirement of labors to do the same task over and over again. Currently many factories own hundreds of types of machinery for their production, employment for labor is decreasing and future for labor employment seems dark as there is a big example of automotive industry, 90% of the automotive company is based on the use of types of machinery and 10% is the total workforce including every staff in the industry.

Time in which everyone used to get a job seems to be getting old, higher the demand for types of machinery means to lower the employment rate. Future in the employment seems bright for only those people which are qualified and skilled with the use of types of machinery, making the demand for education higher. People with qualifications are not totally safe either, the job of the accountant will also be taken over by intelligent software. Our whole system of education needs to be connected with Information technology, which seems the only way through people will be able to have employment, the future for technical and analytical skills is very bright, every learning related to the solving skills of mechanism of a technology can be very useful, it is necessary to learn at least the basic structure. The interfaces between human and machines will get more complexed as the time advances and technology increases. Every kind of work will be done by the robotics and artificial intelligence, that’s why it is important that we make our main aim to target the process of robotics, learning it and making it part of our work.

The major setback for humans is that the machine cost money only once, after some time it pays back ten times greater than what it costed with a low maintenance. Humans, on the other hand, require salaries, need breaks, make errors and the accuracy of the work keeps changing. It is obvious why there is a need for change in order to create a demand for human employment.