Software Architecture for Improving Websites Quality and Effectiveness

A good quality is what makes a system useful. High quality software’s are achieved by implementing the non-functional requirements such as reliability, security, efficiency, maintainability and changeability etc. These attributes are not addressed in the design phase so these should reflect in the architecture phase. So there’s need to be an architecture which focuses on the implementation of non-functional requirements which leads to the development of high quality and effective software’s.

This paper proposed a standard process. Their approach is based on PEAK (Pre-positioned Expeditionary Assistance Kit). They conducted quality attribute workshops in which requirements are organized in the form of quality attribute scenario. Each quality attribute is assigned a BG (Business Goal).

The scenarios are then further refined and prioritized. Prioritization has three scales (Low, Medium, and High). Once these scenarios are finalized they proceed with the design of the Architecture through Attribute-driven Design (ADD). It states that the non-functional quality is very important for project success. The non-functional requirements (NFR) are less relevance for the customers but they are the main concern for software architects. And these non-functional requirements are very important for the system functionality. The study focused on 13 software architects working in Spanish organization. Different research questions were asked from the architects through interviews. The results of these questions revealed that for functional requirements, the main source of requirements are users or clients who are actually the domain experts, and for Non Functional Requirements, the architect becomes dominant. Some interviewers believe that the software architects consider themselves the real experts for defining non-functional attributes e. g. efficiency, reliability, safety and security etc.

The interviewers also said that the non-functional requirements aren't often documented and if they are documented the documentation will not always become precise. The purpose of their study is to reveal the actual practices used in the industries regarding non-functional requirements. As the project grows, it becomes more difficult to estimate the required effort during the development phase. On the basis of recent past work, the authors uses information quality theory to estimate these efforts. The authors implemented the Quality Model against the four Aircraft Development Programs C-130 AMP, EA-18G, MQ-9 and BAMS. The behavior of the binomial transition probability on three of the four programs tells that there is an impact on the result of architecture reuse. Moreover the behavior of conversion rate parameter in the four programs tells that the parameter may captures the “momentum” of the architecture as they get experience.

This study ensures the quality of social Media data. They have given a solution to data evaluation by which a user can evaluate the quality attribute with evaluation metrics. Quality assessment metrics are divided into three categories based on the type of information. These are Content-based metrics, context-based metrics and Rating-based metrics. Data evaluation is conducted in several data processing phases of the big data architecture, going through the pipeline of a big data system. They utilizes the big data architecture of some other researchers work, added the metadata management element into the big data pipeline. The metadata management consists of one data store; metadata, and two functionalities: metadata management and quality management. ‘Metadata’ is a data storage used to store, organize and manage the data. ‘Metadata management’ enables extraction of metadata, and access to metadata. ‘Quality management’ give values to quality attributes depend on the properties of associated metadata and data sets.

In this paper the heterogeneous satellite-based architecture was proposed to improve the quality of life. In this paper services related to the e health and security fields have been reviewed. The proposed architecture is based on the integration of different functionalities: localization, communication and sensing / monitoring. The results can be achieved by defining the reliable heterogeneous architecture which consists of satellite components as a key element. This architecture enables cooperation between satellite systems and terrestrial with the goal of benefitting from the capabilities of each other. The objective of the proposed architecture is integrating already existing and future network technologies and standards. It enables users to access multiple services managed by the service provider control center. In this paper the author proposes the mechanism for improving the quality and quantity of users in a crowd sensing architecture. The mechanism considers both social cost and user quality.

The crowd sensing architecture comprises of three modules: initial diffuser selector, user quality evaluator and reverse auction. Firstly the set of initial diffusers in an interest community are selected by the initial diffuser selector according to their social relationship with the community. Secondly, the user quality evaluator evaluates the quality of each bidder depends on the historical sensing data. Then the platform selects the set of winners according to the user quality and notifies the winner. And finally, the users can participate in the mobile crowd sensing through reverse auction. They encounter a problem in video streaming that regardless of the bandwidth, the videos was very much less quality then it is supported by the mobile devices. Rather to modify existing codecs for video streaming, they proposed an Upscaling-based system architecture which they named MobiUP. They get the information about HD (High Definition) videos during transcoding and send the metadata to users to facilitate Un-sampling on mobile devices. The metadata allows less-complexity video un-sampling at client side as the excessive computation is moved towards server side. For non-HD videos, they provide a solution that uses a high standard video resolution techniques to produce high resolution counterparts at server side.