Sonny in "Sonny’s Blues" by James Baldwin

Introduction

In James Baldwin’s short story, "Sonny’s Blues," one of the significant characters is Sonny. Sonny is a musician and the narrator’s brother, who is addicted to heroin and serves jail time for it. This character analysis will explore Sonny's traits, motivations, and his impact on the narrator.

Sonny's Heroin Addiction

A defining trait of Sonny is his heroin abuse, which he justifies with his pain and loneliness. He tries to validate his addiction through his suffering, but regardless of his reasons, the fact that heroin leads him to prison demonstrates the unwise and unjust nature of his actions. Unlike Sonny, there are better and just choices available for overcoming suffering, as exemplified by his brother.

Motivations and Behavior

Sonny's character is closely tied to his addiction, and understanding his motivations is crucial. He uses drugs as a means to escape the poverty that has haunted him since childhood. While his desire to overcome poverty and move away from Harlem is just and wise, his involvement in drug selling and use is neither just nor wise. His motivation to change is driven by a desire for a better life for himself and his family, acknowledging the suffering he has caused.

Impact on the Narrator

The character most affected by Sonny's actions is his brother, who serves as the narrator. Initially, the narrator views Sonny as "wild" during their childhood. He portrays Sonny's struggles and the negative consequences of his incarceration on the family. The narrator perceives Sonny as determined yet confused, and he describes Sonny's relationship with music as both passionate and destructive. The narrator's lack of trust in Sonny's recovery after prison reveals the lingering doubts about his brother's transformation.

Sonny's Regrets and Development

Despite Sonny's attempts to justify his actions, it is clear that he regrets his drug use. He expresses this regret in his letters and avoids reaching out to his brother because he is ashamed of his behavior. The narrator observes that Sonny yearned for his brother's concern and warmth. Throughout the story, Sonny's character develops as he strives to overcome his drug addiction and find solace through music as a means of expressing his emotions.

Social and Historical Context

"Sonny’s Blues" was written in 1957 during a period of racial segregation in the United States. Sonny, growing up in Harlem in poverty with an uncertain future, represents the challenges faced by many black children at the time. The story does not pass judgment on Sonny but portrays him as a product of his environment. The narrative suggests that despite the struggles, there are opportunities for transcending stereotypes. The narrator finds success in his career, while Sonny's escape lies in his music. Baldwin's portrayal of his characters, especially Sonny, reflects the challenges faced by the black community during segregation.