The Character of Eric Birling in The Inspector Calls by J.b. Priestley

Eric Birling, son of Mr. Birling and brother to Sheila, is one of the more complex characters in J.B. Priestley’s An Inspector Calls. Throughout the play, Eric struggles with his own identity, often feeling like an outsider within his family. He is described as “half shy, half assertive,” a characterization that reflects his lack of confidence and the internal conflict he experiences. Unlike the older generation, Eric represents the younger, more impressionable generation that can change for the better.

Eric's Drinking Problem and Immaturity

One of the defining aspects of Eric’s character is his serious drinking problem, which everyone in the family is aware of, except for his mother, who continues to treat him as an innocent child. Eric’s immaturity is apparent in his awkward behavior and nervousness, particularly when dealing with serious matters. His privileged upbringing, protected from the harsh realities of society, has made him irresponsible and confused about his future. This immaturity is reflected in his reckless behavior, including his treatment of Eva Smith.

The Turning Point: Eric’s Guilt and Responsibility

As the play progresses, Eric’s actions come to light, particularly his involvement in the tragic events surrounding Eva Smith. His irresponsibility reaches a peak when it is revealed that he raped Eva and impregnated her, contributing to her despair. However, unlike his father, Eric shows genuine remorse for his actions. His sense of guilt is clear when he questions, "This girl’s still dead, isn’t she?" Eric’s emotional reaction contrasts sharply with the cold detachment of the older characters.

Eric's Conflict with Capitalism

Eric’s treatment of Eva Smith and his willingness to steal money from his father to support her highlight his conflicting values. While he is a product of a capitalist household, Eric’s sympathy for the working class and his discomfort with his family’s conservative views suggest that he is more aligned with socialist ideas. He questions why workers like Eva shouldn’t strive for higher wages, a clear indication of his more progressive views.

Eric’s Emotional Transformation

By the end of the play, Eric undergoes a significant transformation. His emotional turmoil is evident as he confronts the reality of his actions and the death of Eva Smith. He becomes a symbol of the younger generation’s capacity for change and self-reflection. Eric accepts responsibility for his role in the tragedy and expresses frustration with his family’s refusal to acknowledge their part in it. His final acceptance of guilt and desire for change set him apart from his parents, who remain unchanged.

Conclusion: A Hope for Change

Eric Birling’s character arc represents hope for the future and the possibility of social change. Unlike the older generation, which clings to outdated capitalist ideals, Eric shows that it is possible to grow, learn from mistakes, and embrace a more compassionate, responsible worldview. Priestley uses Eric to demonstrate the potential for a new, more socially conscious generation to emerge from the flaws of the past.