The Characteristics of Traits in Homer's Odyssey

The ancient Greeks held certain qualities and characteristics in high regard, and these traits are often reflected in their literature. In Homer's epic poem, The Odyssey, the protagonist Odysseus possesses numerous qualities that were admired by the ancient Greeks. This essay will explore the characteristics of traits in The Odyssey that align with the values of the Greeks, such as cunning, bravery, and loyalty. By analyzing specific instances in the text, we can gain a deeper understanding of the qualities that the Greeks admired and how they contributed to Odysseus' heroic journey.

Cunning: The Art of Deception

One of the qualities that the Greeks admired was cunning, the ability to use one's intelligence and wit to outsmart opponents. Odysseus, throughout his journey, demonstrates remarkable cunning in various situations. For instance, when faced with the Cyclops Polyphemus, Odysseus cleverly devises a plan to blind the giant and escape from his cave. He tells Polyphemus that his name is "Nobody," ensuring that when he blinds the Cyclops, Polyphemus' cries for help will be dismissed by the other Cyclopes as mere ramblings of madness. This cunning maneuver allows Odysseus and his men to escape unharmed. The Greek audience would have admired Odysseus' quick thinking and ability to outsmart a formidable enemy.

Furthermore, Odysseus' cunning is also evident when he returns home to Ithaca. Disguised as a beggar, Odysseus deceives his wife Penelope and the suitors who have taken over his palace. Through his disguise, Odysseus is able to gather information about the suitors' intentions and plan his revenge. This cunning tactic showcases Odysseus' intelligence and resourcefulness, further highlighting the Greek admiration for such qualities.

Bravery: Confronting the Unknown

Another characteristic that the Greeks admired was bravery, the ability to confront and overcome challenges with courage and determination. Odysseus demonstrates immense bravery throughout his journey, facing numerous dangers and temptations. For instance, when his ship encounters the enchanting song of the Sirens, Odysseus orders his men to plug their ears with beeswax, but he himself is tied to the mast so that he can hear the Sirens' song without succumbing to their deadly allure. This act of bravery showcases Odysseus' strength of will and his determination to resist temptation in order to ensure the safety of his crew.

Additionally, Odysseus displays bravery when he confronts the monsters Scylla and Charybdis. Despite knowing the perils that await him, Odysseus steers his ship closer to Scylla, losing six of his men in the process, but ultimately saving the rest from the deadly whirlpool of Charybdis. This act of self-sacrifice demonstrates Odysseus' bravery and his willingness to make difficult choices for the greater good.

Loyalty: The Bonds of Friendship and Family

The Greeks greatly admired loyalty, valuing the bonds of friendship and family. Odysseus exemplifies this trait throughout The Odyssey, particularly in his unwavering loyalty to his wife Penelope. Despite being away from home for twenty years, Odysseus remains faithful to Penelope, resisting the temptations of the goddess Calypso and the enchantress Circe. His loyalty is further highlighted in his determination to return to Ithaca and reunite with his wife, regardless of the obstacles he faces.

Odysseus also demonstrates loyalty to his crew, even in the face of danger. When his men are transformed into pigs by Circe, Odysseus risks his own safety to rescue them and returns them to their human form. This act of loyalty ensures the survival and well-being of his companions, emphasizing the importance of loyalty in Greek society.

Conclusion

In conclusion, The Odyssey showcases the characteristics of traits that the ancient Greeks admired. The cunning displayed by Odysseus, as he outwits his enemies and navigates through challenging situations, demonstrates the value the Greeks placed on intelligence and resourcefulness. Odysseus' bravery in confronting various dangers and his determination to resist temptation highlight the Greek admiration for courage and strength of will. Lastly, Odysseus' unwavering loyalty to his wife and crew exemplifies the importance of loyalty in Greek society, emphasizing the significance of familial and friendship bonds. Through the analysis of these traits and their implications in The Odyssey, we gain a deeper understanding of the qualities that the Greeks admired and how they shaped the hero's journey. The epic poem serves as a testament to the enduring values and characteristics that were esteemed in ancient Greek culture.

Bibliography

Homer. The Odyssey. Translated by Robert Fagles, Penguin Classics, 1996.