The Governmantal System in Haiti

The increasing socio-political crisis has been negatively influencing the health of Haitian citizens. The conditions for peoples’ life satisfaction are the worst among other American countries. Haiti has the highest infant and maternal mortality and the worst malnutrition. There are many NGOs working in Haiti but they usually have a history of starting projects and then pulling out. There has been so little done to create a sustainable solution. Haiti remains in ruins, with NGOs benefiting from the extreme privatization of the Haitian state. In contrary to other NGOs, PIH organization is using a multi-sectoral approach to health care. PIH sees the connection between lack of access to clean water, malnutrition and disease. They focus not only on solving health care problem, but they see the correlation and try to solve healthcare issue through various platforms. Research question Does the PIH organization have a significant impact on the healthcare system in rural areas in Haiti? Hypothesis I will argue that there are several points of the view for this matter but the most effective and proven one is offered by PIH which has a significant impact on the health care system in Haiti. In my hypothesis I claim: The more involvement of PIH in the healthcare system, the better the results in solving healthcare issues. There is a significant positive impact on health care system, healthcare itself provided and received. According to statistical analysis since PIH entered the country several indicators have increased such as life expectancy age, the under-five mortality rate, extreme poverty, access to clean water, basic sanitation etc. Haiti The current situation in Haiti cannot be understood without the accurate historical context. 

Haiti used to be the richest French colony in the new world, mainly because it was the biggest producer of sugar in the world. France had to import 50,000 slaves a year to keep up the numbers and profits. After its independence in 1804 Haiti’s economic, political, and social difficulties, as well as a number of natural disasters, have affected Haiti with prolonged poverty and many other serious issues. (Sperling, 2019) The consequences of being a cash crop colony for so many years were obvious and damaging. Wages were introduced by the mid-19th century but as a matter of fact it was difficult for workers to leave agricultural employment since there was no urban opportunity. Haiti lacked industrial base and though Haiti’s whole economy was organized around providing sugar and some other primary products such as mangoes, cacao, coffee, papayas, mahogany, nuts, and spinach to developed countries, mainly USA. Even nowadays more than half of the population works in the agricultural sector; nonetheless Haiti still needs to import more than half of its food needs. This fact shows that Haiti produces goods predominantly for export rather than for consumption. ('Haiti - Early period', 2019) Haiti’s economic situation is alarming even nowadays, 59% of the population lives below national poverty line. Majority represented by 77.5% of the population lives only for $2 a day; the GDP growth is around 1.3%, the unemployment rate is around 40%. ('Statistics', 2019) The reason for the country’s stagnation is the involvement of the government and politicians in various criminal businesses. Leading members of the military and police have cooperated with the illegal drug trade in Haiti since the 1980s. Government insufficiency got the country into total external debt of an estimated US$1.3 billion. In 2009, Haiti met the conditions set out by the IMF and World Bank's HIPC program, qualifying it for cancellation of some part of its external debt. This resulted into a cancellation of $1.2 billion. Education Currently, the majority of Haitians lack access to quality education; which is an essential point for constant social and economic development. 

Despite some improvements in enrolment and the commitment of the Haitian government to support public education, they struggle with funding, teachers’ training, and access. Haiti is one of the lowest-ranked countries in the world, 177th out of 186, for national spending on education. Haiti's literacy rate is 71.9%. The percentage of population reaching secondary school is around 25%. These issues create a risk of lacking the knowledge and basic skills crucial to succeed in the labour force. ('Statistics', 2019) Healthcare Some main indicator of poor healthcare include; life expectancy age of 62.7, maternal death rate is 380/100,000, child mortality rate 73/1,000. Haiti’s death rate is high, mainly because of the occurrence of infectious and parasitic diseases such as diarrheal diseases, HIV/AIDS, meningitis, and respiratory infections, and conditions associated with malnutrition. 90% of Haiti's children suffer from waterborne diseases and intestinal parasites, liking this issue to unsafe water, along with inadequate housing and unsanitary living conditions. Approximately 75% of Haitian households lack running water. Moreover, Haiti has a higher incidence of HIV infection and AIDS and a higher infant mortality rate than any other country. There is a chronic shortage of health care personnel, and hospitals lack resources. ('Haiti - Early period', 2019) NGO’s There are over 10,000 NGOs operating in Haiti. 

Haiti has been called the Republic of NGOs. More non-governmental organizations exist per capita in there than in any other country. Many NGOs in Haiti have a reputation of starting projects and failing to deliver sustainable solutions. There has been so little done to create an effective solution to problems Haiti faces. There was a lack of cooperation among NGOs and government in their projects. That’s the reason it was easy for NGOs to stay in “business”. They saw Haiti as a platform to make money rather than come to an agreement with the government and apply policies that could potentially help to solve healthcare issues. The government was indifferent and made no effort to take ownership over these projects and to maintain them. (Patterson, 2019) In the 20th century when the NGOs just have started to enter Haiti many of the staff members have been inexperienced and have lacked in depth knowledge of the country. Some NGOs were even accused of becoming increasingly politicized.