The Impact of Tourism Growth on The Machu Picchu

Since 2007, almost every year UNESCO World Heritages Committee has proposed the designation of Machu Picchu as ' dangerous ' because of concerns that increasing numbers of tourists may damage the site. It is important to look at tourism's effect on places like Machu Picchu as it illustrates factors which have a negative environmental and social impact on the current structure. Archeologists in the Inca period have an estimation of not more than 750 people living together in Machu Picchu. More than 5,000 tourists pass today (which, it should be pointed out, is double that of the UNESCO recommended limit — a recommendation that is eventually followed so that the enticing destination does not decrease the tourist dollars, though UNESCO seems to be in good hand with it). The increase in the number of Machu Picchu tourists has brought enormous pressure to the area. Approximately 0.4 cm is the ground on which the citadel was constructed each year. The old agricultural village Aguas Calientes has developed into a city of 4,000 residents with 5-star hotels and restaurants, a jumping point for tourism.

In view of the guidelines by the Cusco Decentralized Culture Directorate that not more than 2,500 tourists will visit every day, average daily visits are twice as many during the famous summer months. The carrying capacity and the appropriate adjustment limits Report of Machu Picchu Historic Shrine stresses that the carrying capacity of the site is regularly surpassed (Beata Tuszyńska (2018). The wide range of tourists created problems with water waste, scarcity and losses to the ecosystem. Therefore, the site quickly loses its reputation with so many users and that the consistency of user service at the platform. Accordingly, four main issues need to be addressed about regulation and tourist operations: the usability of the venue, technology restrictions, public management and tourism experience according to the Historical Shrine Master Plan in Machu Picchu (2015-2019). In addition, the programmes include social inclusion of the local population, environmental impact analysis and on-site protection. It not only impacts the environment but also increases the costs and resources of police visitors to mistreat them, encouraging more tourism than is deemed safe. This raises an interesting topic on tourism management. When it comes to their actions when travelling, many visitors are greedy. Tourists should apologize for their behaviour, which often popular the tourists ' sense of entitlement while travelling and also discourage future wrongdoing.

Tackling these concerns would allow more sustainable tourism practices to be introduced. The successful implementation of sustainable tourism practices would popular the adverse environmental and local impact of tourism. Then we come to the idea of the ' Limits of Acceptable Change ' (LAC), which brings impacts and those affected into context, which implies the scale of overtourism is contingent on the nature of particular destinations. It is necessary to understand, assess and identify the financial, environmental and cultural circumstances of the environment, while the risk control priorities must be complied with in a similar manner according to what is practicable (WTM Latin America Team. A daily range of 2,500 tourists per day is laid out in the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu (2015 – 2019). Vidal Pino Zambrano, Director of Decentralized Culture at the Cusco, laid down new rules effective. Some of them struggle with time and access to party constraints. In the morning (6am-noon) or afternoon (5.30am) and the tourists ' party is reduced to 16 participants, guests may access the site for two periods of time, for instance. In addition, the Act forbids guests from accessing the luggage, bags, umbrellas, instrumental music, heel caps, products and alcoholic beverages with backpacks of over 40x35x20 cm. Inside the citadel, visitors can not smoke. The new Regulation laid down guidelines for the Waynapicchu and Machupicchu Mountains as well as for the Machu Picchu Overtourism: the effect and future policy reactions 195 specifying times and how long and how many tourists can be allowed to enter the region.

The installation of guards at several points around the citadel was another major change in the last few years. The uniformed guards watch people jump the rope or enter broken objects with whistles around the ears. Visitors to Machu Picchu are only allowed now for one of two time-slots – 6 am to noon or 12 pm to 5:30pm – and must be assisted by an authorised guide to navigate the pre-designated trails. There has been restricted access to certain sites, such as the Sun Temple and the Condor Temple. However, the famous Inca Trail, a two or four day mountain hike which became popular with those who want to follow the way they took to the Machu Picchu in the Inca, is officially 500 people a day. UNESCO seems satisfied with success, with a 2017 study deeming the majority of past problems which plagued the resolution of Machu Picchu. Miginiac claims to have credit with official initiatives for coaxing visitors to alternative sites of the Incan ruins, such as Choquequirao near Cuzco and Kuelap in Northern Peru.

The growth of the Machu Picchu tourism industry has profoundly influenced the local environment and the residents. Although some of these effects have profited local people, many more have contributed to needless environmental damage and unequal distribution of profits between rich and poor foreign investors. While tourism in the Machu Picchu area continues to grow, the local environment needs to be reduced. To order to deal with the growing challenges resulting from an increasing number of international visitors, a new management structure should be introduced along the Inca Trail. Specific changes must be made in order to ensure the active participation of local people in the tourism industry. This may entail a change in profession from agriculture to activities that serve to improve the local environment through local people (Machu Picchu: Impact of Tourism. Through helping fund infrastructure projects and supporting local tourist companies, government should help to decrease the number of foreign investors in tourism in Machu Picchu. Tourism companies will take greater accountability regarding their local workers ' working conditions and play a more active role in growing the local economy. Although implementing such improvements does not guarantee a flawless ecotourism scheme, the improved approach should increase the viability of tourism in the area and reduce the impact on state and local communities.