The Old Man from The Pardoner's Tale: Symbolism and Significance

When exploring Chaucer's "The Pardoner's Tale," one cannot overlook the enigmatic character of the old man. Though he appears only briefly, his presence holds great significance within the narrative. This essay aims to delve into the symbolical representation of the old man and analyze the implications of his role in the tale. By examining the old man's portrayal and actions within the story, we can uncover the deeper meanings and themes that Chaucer intended to convey. Ultimately, the old man symbolizes the inevitability of death and serves as a moral guide, highlighting the destructive nature of greed and the importance of seeking redemption.

The Inevitability of Death

One crucial aspect of the old man's symbolism in "The Pardoner's Tale" lies in his representation of death itself. The old man is described as "a povre wyght" (line 685), emphasizing his poverty and vulnerability. His advanced age further suggests that he is nearing the end of his life. The fact that the old man is encountered in a desolate place, a graveyard, reinforces the association with death.

Furthermore, the old man's dialogue with the rioters reveals his acceptance of death. When asked why he is still alive, the old man answers, "Nay, gentil sires, God woot, I have no weye" (line 705). This statement implies that he has no choice but to continue living until his time comes. His resignation to the inevitability of death mirrors the theme of mortality that runs throughout the tale.

Through the old man's representation of death, Chaucer underscores the transience and fragility of human life. His presence serves as a reminder that death is an inescapable reality, regardless of one's wealth or power.

A Moral Guide

Beyond symbolizing death, the old man also fulfills the role of a moral guide within the narrative. As the rioters encounter the old man, they immediately perceive him as a potential source of knowledge. One rioter implores, "Tel us som wit, and it shal been don" (line 702). This demonstrates their recognition of the old man's wisdom and the belief that he possesses insights that could benefit them.

The old man's response to the rioters showcases his moral guidance. He directs them to a tree where they will find "that ye seye, soothly for to sayn / Ye shul been quit" (lines 709-710). In advising them to search for treasure under the tree, he sets in motion the events that lead to their downfall. This can be interpreted as a moral lesson, highlighting the consequences of greedy and immoral actions.

Moreover, the old man's instruction to the rioters implies that he has knowledge of a greater truth. His words suggest that their quest for riches will ultimately lead to their own demise. By positioning the old man as a moral guide, Chaucer warns against the pursuit of material wealth and underscores the importance of seeking redemption.

The Destructive Nature of Greed

Another significant aspect of the old man's symbolism in "The Pardoner's Tale" is his representation of the destructive nature of greed. The tale revolves around three rioters who embark on a mission to find and kill Death. However, their true motive is driven by greed, as they are ultimately searching for treasure.

When the rioters encounter the old man, they demand to know why he is still alive despite his old age. In response, the old man reveals that he has made a pact with Death, stating, "I seyde, 'I hadde a love, and she was trewe, / I-wis, I wolde han served hir everemo' / But she was deed, and al myn herte a-two" (lines 714-716). This confession suggests that the old man has already experienced loss due to the greed-driven actions of the rioters.

Furthermore, the old man's presence at the graveyard, a symbol of death, further emphasizes the destructive consequences of greed. By encountering the old man, the rioters are confronted with the reality of their own mortality and the futility of their pursuit for material wealth.

Conclusion

The old man in "The Pardoner's Tale" symbolizes the inevitability of death and serves as a moral guide, highlighting the destructive nature of greed and the importance of seeking redemption. Through his portrayal and actions within the story, Chaucer conveys deeper meanings and themes. The old man's acceptance of death and his moral guidance underscore the transient and fragile nature of human life. Additionally, his presence serves as a cautionary reminder of the consequences of greed and the need for spiritual growth. Chaucer's inclusion of the old man adds depth and complexity to the tale, encouraging readers to reflect on their own mortality and the pursuit of material wealth.

In conclusion, the old man's symbolism in "The Pardoner's Tale" contributes to the overall themes and messages of the story. By embodying death, serving as a moral guide, and representing the destructive nature of greed, the old man leaves a lasting impression on readers. Through his character, Chaucer prompts us to contemplate the transient nature of life, the significance of moral choices, and the pursuit of redemption.

Bibliography

Chaucer, Geoffrey. "The Pardoner's Tale." The Canterbury Tales. Edited by Jill Mann, Penguin Books, 2005.