Mr. Birling Character Analysis in "An Inspector Calls" by J.b. Priestley

In the play An Inspector Calls, J.B. Priestley presents Mr. Arthur Birling as a wealthy businessman with strong capitalist beliefs. He is portrayed as a self-made man who has enjoyed success in local politics, including his position as Lord Mayor of Brumley. However, as the play progresses, it becomes evident that Mr. Birling has little regard for the local community, preferring to follow his own capitalist philosophies. Priestley uses Mr. Birling as a symbol of a typical capitalist figure: head of the household, married to a woman of higher social class, and director of a successful business.

Birling's Arrogance and Power

Mr. Birling views himself as a powerful and influential figure. He attempts to use his social status to intimidate the Inspector, boasting that he was “an alderman for years” and “Lord Mayor for two years.” Additionally, he suggests that the Chief Constable is an “old friend” of his, attempting to assert dominance. His surprise at being questioned about his refusal to raise wages for the girls in his factory reveals his belief that he is entitled to act without consequence. Birling is a clear representation of the wealthy elite who are disconnected from the struggles of the working class.

Social Climbing and Family Values

Birling’s obsession with social status is also evident in his interactions with his family. He tries to impress Gerald Croft, who comes from a higher social class, by serving the same port as Gerald’s father and encouraging his daughter Sheila’s marriage to Gerald. Birling is more concerned with how Gerald’s happiness will benefit him than his daughter’s well-being. The marriage, in Birling’s eyes, is a strategic move to elevate his social standing.

Priestley's Critique of Capitalism

Priestley uses Mr. Birling to critique capitalism and the selfishness it fosters. Birling’s declaration that “every man for himself” highlights his unwillingness to take responsibility for the well-being of others. He represents the older generation's indifference to social responsibility, contrasting with the younger characters, who are more open to change. Priestley’s intention was to expose the corrupt and exploitative nature of capitalist society, encouraging the audience to reject Birling’s attitudes and support the working class.

Birling's Ignorance and Detachment

Mr. Birling is also depicted as ignorant and out of touch with the younger generation. He makes jokes about not understanding what young people are up to, oblivious to his own son Eric’s serious drinking problem and other misdeeds. Birling’s ignorance extends to world affairs, as seen in his confident (and incorrect) statements about the Titanic being "unsinkable" and his belief that “nobody wants war” just before World War I. These examples highlight his lack of foresight and understanding of broader social and political issues.

Conclusion: A Symbol of Capitalism’s Failings

Through Mr. Birling, Priestley demonstrates the failures of capitalist society. Despite his business success and social status, Birling is portrayed as intellectually weak and morally bankrupt. His speeches are often interrupted by pauses and dashes, reflecting his lack of confidence and logic. By the end of the play, Birling remains unchanged, refusing to accept responsibility for his role in Eva Smith’s death, solidifying his position as a symbol of the futility and moral decay of capitalism.