The Theme of Ambition Askew and Materialism in The Narrative Seeing England for The First Time and Plays Pygmalion by Shaw and Rushdie's Ruby Slippers

Ambition, a powerful force that drives individuals to pursue their goals, often reveals itself in both positive and negative lights. While it can inspire determination and hard work, it can also lead to greed and a lack of empathy. The concept of ambition has evolved over time, particularly in literature, where its portrayal frequently reflects societal values and issues. In works such as Jamaica Kincaid’s "On Seeing England for the First Time," George Bernard Shaw’s "Pygmalion," and Salman Rushdie’s "At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers," the theme of ambition is intricately intertwined with materialism, revealing how unchecked desires can have profound consequences on individual identities and societal structures.

The Dark Side of Ambition in Colonial Literature

Colonial British literature serves as a lens through which the detrimental effects of imperialistic ambition are examined. The phrase “white man’s burden” epitomizes the arrogance that often accompanied colonial ambitions, as British colonizers justified their dominance over other cultures. Jamaica Kincaid’s "On Seeing England for the First Time" offers a poignant critique of this imperialistic mindset. Kincaid illustrates how colonialism forced her to internalize feelings of inadequacy, believing she was “incomplete, or without substance” because she was not English (Kincaid 374). This internalization reflects the broader societal impact of colonial ambition, which sought to dehumanize and erase the identities of colonized peoples.

Kincaid’s narrative highlights the destructive nature of greed and ambition as it relates to colonial exploitation. The British colonizers viewed Antigua solely as a source of economic gain, disregarding its cultural significance. The imposition of British goods and values further alienated the native population, as Kincaid notes, “Everything in my life, including myself, is ‘Made in England’” (Kincaid 365). This perspective emphasizes how ambition, when intertwined with materialism, can obliterate cultural identities and promote a sense of inferiority among colonized individuals.

Ambition and Class Relations in "Pygmalion"

In "Pygmalion," George Bernard Shaw explores ambition within the context of class relations. The character of Henry Higgins embodies the complexities of ambition and power dynamics. As a wealthy, upper-class man, Higgins wields his social status to manipulate Eliza Doolittle, a lower-class flower girl. His ambition to transform Eliza into a refined lady reflects a broader commentary on the societal structures that govern ambition and identity. Higgins’ desire to “make [Eliza] a duchess” (Shaw 16) reveals his selfish motivations, as he seeks to prove his own prowess rather than genuinely uplift Eliza.

Eliza’s own ambition is portrayed as a struggle for independence and dignity. Initially, she seeks Higgins’ help to improve her social standing, but ultimately, she transcends his expectations. “I don’t want no gold and no diamonds” (Shaw 19), she asserts, emphasizing her desire for self-respect over material wealth. This juxtaposition of ambitions highlights the varying motivations behind ambition: while Higgins is driven by greed and status, Eliza’s ambition is rooted in personal empowerment.

The Materialism of Modern Society in Rushdie’s Work

Salman Rushdie’s "At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers" presents a contemporary view of ambition and materialism, illustrating how societal values have shifted in the modern era. The auction scene serves as a metaphor for a capitalist society that equates success with material possessions. Rushdie describes a world where individuals bid on items ranging from “edible underwear to the Eiffel Tower,” showcasing how ambition has become commodified (Rushdie 99). This obsession with material wealth reflects a broader societal critique, as the narrator observes a disconnection from human compassion, exemplified by the indifference towards an astronaut stranded in space due to financial constraints.

Rushdie’s use of the red ruby slippers as a symbol underscores the themes of longing and identity. The slippers, representing home and freedom, become a coveted object in a society that prioritizes material success over genuine human connection. The auction hall, where various individuals gather, emphasizes the homogenization of identity, as each person is reduced to their monetary value: “anyone’s cash is as good as anyone else’s” (Rushdie 93). This reduction of human worth to financial status serves as a stark commentary on the consequences of unchecked ambition in a capitalist society.

Comparative Analysis of Ambition in Literature

Conclusion

Through the exploration of ambition in Kincaid’s "On Seeing England for the First Time," Shaw’s "Pygmalion," and Rushdie’s "At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers," it becomes evident that ambition, while a fundamental aspect of human nature, can lead to detrimental outcomes when intertwined with materialism and greed. Each work serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating the potential consequences of unchecked ambition on individual identities and societal structures. In a world where ambition can both uplift and destroy, it is imperative for individuals to navigate their aspirations with mindfulness, ensuring that their pursuits do not come at the expense of compassion and humanity.

References:

• Kincaid, Jamaica. "On Seeing England for the First Time." In *At the Bottom of the River*. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1983.
• Shaw, George Bernard. *Pygmalion*. Penguin Classics, 2007.
• Rushdie, Salman. "At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers." In *East, West*. Vintage, 1994.