Thomas Putnam's Role in The Crucible: a Character Analysis

Arthur Miller's play, The Crucible, is a reflection of the Salem witch trials that took place in Massachusetts in the late 17th century. The play explores the destructive consequences of mass hysteria and the abuse of power. One of the key characters in the play is Thomas Putnam, a wealthy and influential landowner in Salem. Putnam's role in The Crucible is significant as he embodies the greed, revenge, and opportunism that fueled the witch trials. This essay will analyze Thomas Putnam's character and his contributions to the events in the play, highlighting his role as a catalyst for the hysteria that ultimately leads to tragedy.

Thomas Putnam is introduced in the early stages of the play as a man consumed by a bitter resentment towards his fellow townspeople. He is first seen expressing his grievances regarding the division of land and property, claiming that the town is "a black mischief" (Miller, 15). This statement reveals Putnam's deep-seated resentment towards those who have more wealth and power than him. His bitterness extends beyond mere envy, as he actively seeks to exploit the witch trials to his advantage.

Putnam's greed is evident in his relentless pursuit of gaining more land through accusing others of witchcraft. He encourages his daughter, Ruth, to accuse individuals whom he believes have wronged him in the past. Putnam's role in the trials becomes clear when he declares, "I'd not call it sick; the Devil's touch is heavier than sick" (Miller, 25). This statement not only demonstrates his willingness to manipulate the situation for his own gain but also reveals his belief in the existence of witchcraft. Putnam's greed and belief in the supernatural provide him with the perfect opportunity to settle scores and accumulate more wealth.

Furthermore, Thomas Putnam's lust for revenge is another aspect of his character that fuels the witch trials. He is driven by a desire to punish those who have crossed him or his family in the past. This is evident when he accuses Rebecca Nurse of witchcraft, claiming that she is responsible for the deaths of his seven infant children. Putnam's accusation is unfounded, but it serves his purpose of exacting revenge on Nurse and her family. His vengeful nature is further highlighted when he exclaims, "I'd clap her in the jail" (Miller, 91), showcasing his eagerness to see the accused suffer and be punished.

Putnam's actions and motivations also reveal his opportunistic nature. He seizes every opportunity to advance his own interests, regardless of the consequences for others. He manipulates Reverend Parris, using his influence to ensure that the witch trials continue and that his own agenda is furthered. Putnam is seen constantly pushing for more accusations and arrests, even when there is little evidence to support his claims. This opportunism is evident when he proclaims, "I have many enemies. There is a faction that is sworn to drive me from my pulpit. Do you understand that?" (Miller, 35). Putnam's desire to eliminate his enemies and solidify his position in the community drives his actions throughout the play.

In conclusion, Thomas Putnam plays a significant role in The Crucible as a catalyst for the witch trials. His greed, revengeful nature, and opportunism contribute to the mass hysteria that engulfs Salem. Putnam's character represents the dark side of human nature, showcasing the destructive consequences of unchecked power and personal vendettas. By analyzing Putnam's character, we gain a deeper understanding of the motivations that drove the Salem witch trials and the devastating impact they had on innocent lives.

Works Cited

Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. Penguin Classics, 2003.