Trifles by Susan Glaspell Analysis

Susan Glaspell's Trifles is a thought-provoking play that explores the gender roles and social expectations prevalent in early 20th-century America through the use of symbolism. In this essay, we will examine the play's themes and symbolism, while also discussing the limited roles and autonomy of women during that time period.

Gender Roles in the Early 20th Century

During the early 20th century, men and women had very different societal expectations. Men were the primary breadwinners and held most of the power in all aspects of life, while women were primarily relegated to domestic tasks and secondary roles. This imbalance of power was also evident in the legal and justice system, which was primarily controlled by men.

Plot Summary of Trifles

Trifles takes place in the farmhouse of Mr. and Mrs. Wright, where the latter has just been accused of killing her husband. As the county attorney, the sheriff, and a neighboring farmer investigate the crime, they dismiss the women's observations and insights, focusing instead on what they perceive to be the more pressing matters of the investigation. Meanwhile, two women who have accompanied them to the farmhouse, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, notice several trifles that the men do not consider significant, which gradually leads them to recognize the motive for the murder.

Symbolism in Trifles

In Trifles, Glaspell uses symbolism to explore societal expectations and the struggle of women for greater agency. The birdcage represents Mrs. Wright's confinement and lost freedom, while the quilt symbolizes women's silent, creative resistance. Finally, the dead canary represents Mrs. Wright's suppressed voice, which the men never bothers to acknowledge.

The Marginalization of Women in Trifles

Throughout Trifles, the men display a dismissive attitude toward the women's observations and insights, while the women demonstrate their solidarity and their ability to piece together the puzzle that eludes the men. In the end, the women find vindication and empowerment in their understanding of the murder and Mrs. Wright's motives in committing it.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Trifles by Susan Glaspell is a powerful play that sheds light on the struggles and resilience of women in early 20th-century America. Glaspell's use of symbolism and characterization illuminates the gender roles of that time, while also highlighting the experience of marginalization and the desire for autonomy among women. Trifles remains relevant today and continues to inspire critical reflection about gender roles and societal expectations.

References:

1. Bigsby, C. (2012). Modern American Drama, 1945-2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Glaspell, S. (1916). "Trifles." The Best American Short Plays 1915-1916. Ed. Willa Cather and George Jean Nathan. Boston: Small, Maynard and Company.
3. Jarvis, B. (2008). "Susan Glaspell and the Anxiety of Expression." American Literary Realism, 40(2), 109-122.