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OSPFv3 supports different types of areas depending on the requirements of a network. These areas are:
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Different types of networks present OSPF with a unique challenge to manage. A network could be point–to–point or a multiple access network providing a shared medium for multiple routers to communicate. In a multiple access network, if each router floods the network with LSAs, the same information about a link state will be forwarded from multiple sources, leading to a large amount of router CPU load and bandwidth consumption. In a multi–access network, OSPF uses a single router called designated router (DR) to control how LSAs are flooded. The purpose of using the DR is to minimize the number of adjacencies formed so that all topology tables on routers can be synchronized.
A backup designated router (BDR) is a hot standby router for the DR in the same network type. The BDR receives LSA packets and routing updates from OSPF adjacent routers but does not flood the LSA updates. The BDR only works if the DR fails. Each router in a multiple access network establishes adjacency with the DR and the BDR.
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