Whose Culture is It': Cultural Property and Cultural Artifacts

The question of cultural property and artifacts presents a complex and often contentious issue, one that raises significant ethical and philosophical dilemmas. The term "cultural property" typically refers to items of cultural significance that are associated with a particular group or nation. However, the concept becomes paradoxical when considering the dynamic and fluid nature of culture itself. This essay explores the nuances of cultural ownership, drawing on Kwame Appiah's cosmopolitan perspective presented in his chapter “Whose Culture is It?”

The Nature of Cultural Property

Cultural property is often viewed as something that can be owned, traded, and claimed by specific groups. Yet, culture is inherently diverse and constantly evolving. It is shaped by interactions among various peoples and influences, making it impossible to confine it to one group. Appiah argues that culture transcends national boundaries and should be viewed as a universal heritage. This cosmopolitan approach challenges the notion that cultural artifacts belong solely to their country of origin.

International Perspectives on Cultural Artifacts

In his discussion, Appiah critiques nationalistic policies that restrict the sale and movement of cultural artifacts. He points out that such policies often lead to illegal trade and do little to protect the cultural heritage they aim to preserve. For instance, he references the case of Mali, where attempts to restrict the export of cultural objects have led to a thriving black market. Rather than safeguarding these artifacts, national restrictions can diminish their value and significance.

• National restrictions often lead to illegal trade.
• Such policies can undermine the preservation of cultural artifacts.
• International cooperation may offer better solutions for cultural preservation.

Value Beyond Borders

Appiah emphasizes that the value of cultural artifacts is derived not solely from their geographical origin but from their appreciation by a global audience. He posits that if people from different cultures can appreciate an artifact, its significance extends beyond national boundaries. This perspective invites a reevaluation of the ownership of cultural property, suggesting that cultural artifacts should be considered part of a shared human heritage.

Challenges to Cultural Patrimony

The idea of cultural patrimony is further complicated by the historical context of many artifacts. Appiah argues that many cultural objects were acquired through forceful means, such as colonial plunder. This historical backdrop raises questions about the legitimacy of current claims to ownership. For instance, should countries that benefited from colonialism be held accountable for returning artifacts taken from their original contexts?

Moreover, Appiah raises a crucial point regarding the stewardship of cultural artifacts. He suggests that the custodians of these objects should be capable of preserving them for future generations. In cases where the original custodians lack the resources to maintain their cultural heritage, relocating artifacts to institutions that can adequately care for them may be a more responsible approach.

Repatriation and Its Implications

While Appiah acknowledges the importance of repatriation, he argues that it is not always feasible for countries with limited resources. He highlights the paradox that arises when the very nations seeking the return of their cultural artifacts may not have the means to protect or preserve them effectively. This situation raises critical ethical questions about the responsibilities of both the countries of origin and those holding the artifacts.

Returning artifacts to their places of origin, particularly those acquired unlawfully, does not negate the appreciation of these items on a global scale. As Appiah points out, understanding and valuing cultural artifacts can occur regardless of their physical location. The connection to one’s cultural heritage is strong, yet it can also be fostered through knowledge and shared appreciation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the question of cultural property and artifacts is multifaceted, encompassing issues of ownership, appreciation, and ethical stewardship. Kwame Appiah’s cosmopolitan perspective challenges conventional views of cultural patrimony, advocating for a broader understanding of cultural heritage as a shared human legacy. While nationalistic claims to cultural property may seem justified, they often ignore the fluid and dynamic nature of culture itself. Ultimately, fostering a global appreciation for cultural artifacts, while ensuring their preservation and protection, is essential for honoring the diverse contributions of all cultures to our shared human experience.

References

Appiah, Kwame. "Whose Culture is It?" In *Cultural Property and Cultural Artifacts*. (Year of Publication).