By character

Hamlet

“To be or not to be, that is the question.” (Act III, Scene 1)

This quote is arguably the most famous line in the play and is spoken by Hamlet as he contemplates suicide. It reflects his internal struggle and the philosophical questions he is grappling with, namely the nature of existence and the fear of the unknown. This quote also touches on the themes of life, death, and morality that are central to the play.

 

“Frailty, thy name is woman!” (Act I, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet in a soliloquy as he laments his mother's hasty marriage to his uncle, Claudius. It reflects his anger and disappointment at his mother's supposed lack of loyalty to his father, and his disillusionment with the female sex as a whole. This quote highlights the gender roles and expectations of the time period, as well as the theme of betrayal.

 

“The play's the thing wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king.” (Act II, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he decides to use a play within the play to expose Claudius's guilt for killing his father. It reflects Hamlet's cunning and strategy, as well as his desire for revenge. This quote also touches on the theme of appearance versus reality, as Hamlet plans to use the play to reveal the truth behind the facade of the court.

 

“What a piece of work is man! How noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god!” (Act II, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet in a soliloquy as he reflects on the nature of humanity. It reflects his admiration for human beings and their potential, but also his disappointment in their capacity for corruption and deceit. This quote also touches on the theme of human nature and the contrast between the idealized view of humanity and the reality of human behavior.

 

“I am but mad north-north-west. When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw” (Act II, Scene 2)

This quote reveals Hamlet's state of mind and his tendency to feign madness. He is aware of his madness and knows when to control it. The quote also reveals Hamlet's intelligence and his ability to manipulate people.

 

“There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” (Act II, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet in a conversation with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as he reflects on the nature of perception and reality. It reflects his philosophical view that good and bad are subjective and dependent on individual perspective. This quote also touches on the theme of appearance versus reality and the idea that reality can be manipulated or distorted by perception.

 

“Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio, a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy” (Act V, Scene 1)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he holds the skull of his childhood friend Yorick. The quote reflects Hamlet's deep sadness and sense of loss as he confronts his own mortality. It also reveals Hamlet's sense of nostalgia and his connection to his past.

 

“The readiness is all” (Act V, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he prepares to face his fate in the final scene of the play. The quote reflects Hamlet's acceptance of his fate and his willingness to face it head-on. It also reveals Hamlet's growth and development as a character throughout the play, as he has moved from a state of indecision and despair to a state of acceptance and resolve.

Claudius

“Though yet of Hamlet our dear brother's death The memory be green” (Act I, Scene 2)

In this quote, Claudius addresses the court and acknowledges the recent death of King Hamlet, his brother. The use of the phrase "our dear brother" suggests that Claudius is attempting to establish a sense of unity with the court and present himself as a mourning brother. However, the phrase "the memory be green" implies that Claudius is already thinking about the future, and his true intentions will be revealed later in the play.

“O, my offence is rank, it smells to heaven. It hath the primal eldest curse upon 't, a brother's murder.” (Act III, Scene 3)

Claudius speaks this line in a soliloquy, revealing his guilt and shame over his crime of killing his own brother, King Hamlet. The use of the metaphor "it smells to heaven" suggests that Claudius believes that his sin is so great that even God will not forgive him. Additionally, the phrase "a brother's murder" emphasizes the betrayal of family and the magnitude of his crime.

“Madness in great ones must not unwatched go.” (Act III, Scene 1)

Claudius says this line to Polonius, expressing his concern about Hamlet's behavior. However, this quote can also be interpreted as Claudius trying to cover up his own guilt by suggesting that Hamlet's behavior is due to madness rather than the truth about King Hamlet's murder. The use of the word "unwatched" suggests that Claudius is aware of the potential danger of Hamlet's actions and is trying to take measures to protect himself.

“How smart a lash that speech doth give my conscience.” (Act III, Scene 1)

In this quote, Claudius reflects on Hamlet's play, which portrays a murder similar to the one he committed. The phrase "smart a lash" suggests that Claudius is feeling the pain of his guilty conscience being exposed through the play. This quote reveals the internal conflict that Claudius is experiencing as he struggles to maintain his power and conceal his crime.

“It is the poisoned cup. It is too late.” (Act V, Scene 2)

Claudius speaks this line when he realizes that his plan to have Hamlet killed has backfired, and he has accidentally poisoned Queen Gertrude. The phrase "too late" implies that Claudius has come to the realization that his actions have led to his own downfall, and that there is nothing he can do to change the outcome. This quote highlights Claudius' sense of remorse and his acknowledgement of the consequences of his actions.

Gertrude

“Good Hamlet, cast thy nighted color off, and let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark” (Act I, Scene 2)

Gertrude speaks this line to Hamlet early in the play, urging him to stop mourning his father's death and move on with his life. The use of the phrase "nighted color" suggests that Hamlet's black clothing and melancholy demeanor are bringing darkness to the court of Denmark. Gertrude's plea for him to look like a "friend" on Denmark is also significant, as it shows her desire to maintain a sense of unity and order in the court.

“O Hamlet, speak no more. Thou turn'st mine eyes into my very soul, and there I see such black and grained spots as will not leave their tinct” (Act III, Scene 4)

Gertrude speaks this line after Hamlet's intense confrontation with her in her chamber, in which he accuses her of betraying his father and urges her to repent. The phrase "turn'st mine eyes into my very soul" suggests that Hamlet's words have touched Gertrude deeply, causing her to confront her own guilt and shame. The image of "black and grained spots" further emphasizes her sense of moral corruption, as these marks are seen as impossible to remove.

“The lady doth protest too much, methinks” (Act III, Scene 2)

Gertrude speaks this line during a performance of a play that parallels her own situation, in which a queen is suspected of murdering her husband. The phrase "protest too much" implies that the character's denial of guilt is unconvincing, and Gertrude's use of the line suggests that she may be aware of her own complicity in her husband's death. This quote has become a well-known phrase in English language to indicate when someone's denial seems excessive.

“All that lives must die, passing through nature to eternity” (Act I, Scene 2)

Gertrude speaks this line to Hamlet as a reflection on the inevitability of death. The phrase "passing through nature to eternity" suggests that death is a natural part of life and leads to a higher spiritual realm. Gertrude's acceptance of death contrasts with Hamlet's preoccupation with it and his desire for revenge, highlighting their differing attitudes towards mortality.

“Sweets to the sweet: farewell” (Act V, Scene 1)

Gertrude speaks this line as she is dying, having been poisoned by the drink meant for Hamlet. The phrase "sweets to the sweet" is an allusion to an earlier scene in which Gertrude gives flowers to Ophelia, and suggests a connection between the two women. Gertrude's use of the phrase also serves to emphasize her love for her son and her sense of remorse for her past actions.

Polonius

“This above all: to thine own self be true, / And it must follow, as the night the day, / Thou canst not then be false to any man.” (Act I, Scene 3)

This quote is perhaps Polonius's most famous line. It is spoken to his son Laertes as a piece of advice before Laertes leaves for France. Polonius emphasizes the importance of being true to oneself, and suggests that doing so will make it impossible to be false to others. However, Polonius's tendency to be hypocritical and meddle in other people's affairs suggests that he does not always follow his own advice.

“Brevity is the soul of wit.” (Act II, Scene 2)

This is another well-known quote from Polonius. He uses this line to justify his own long-winded speeches, arguing that being brief is not always the best way to convey one's meaning. However, his own speeches are often tedious and rambling, suggesting that he is not as wise as he thinks he is.

“Though this be madness, yet there is method in't.” (Act II, Scene 2)

This line is spoken by Polonius after he witnesses Hamlet's erratic behavior in Act II. Polonius is convinced that Hamlet's madness is not entirely genuine, and that there is a method to his madness. However, his assessment of Hamlet's mental state is incorrect, and he underestimates the extent of Hamlet's despair and grief.

“And thus do we of wisdom and of reach, / With windlasses and with assays of bias, / By indirections find directions out.” (Act II, Scene 1)

Polonius speaks these lines to Reynaldo, a servant whom he has sent to spy on Laertes in Paris. Polonius suggests that it is sometimes necessary to be indirect in order to achieve one's goals, and that using deceit and manipulation can be a form of wisdom. This quote underscores Polonius's Machiavellian tendencies and his willingness to sacrifice his own values for the sake of achieving his aims.

“What do you read, my lord?” (Act II, Scene 2)

This seemingly innocuous question is one of Polonius's most significant lines in the play. He asks Hamlet what he is reading, and when Hamlet responds, Polonius interprets his answer as a sign of madness. This interaction sets in motion Polonius's attempts to spy on Hamlet and figure out what is wrong with him. Polonius's tendency to meddle in other people's affairs becomes a recurring theme throughout the play, leading to his ultimate downfall. This quote also highlights the theme of appearance versus reality, as Polonius uses Hamlet's response to make a false assumption about his mental state.

 

Ophelia

“O, what a noble mind is here o'erthrown!” (Act III, Scene 1)

Ophelia says this line after witnessing Hamlet's erratic behavior in her presence. The quote reflects her sadness at seeing Hamlet's descent into madness and her realization that his once noble mind has been lost.

“There's rosemary, that's for remembrance.” (Act IV, Scene 5)

In this scene, Ophelia gives herbs and flowers to the King and Queen, symbolically representing various emotions and themes. This line specifically references rosemary, which is traditionally associated with remembrance and memory. Ophelia is likely thinking of her own memories of Hamlet and their lost love.

“Lord, we know what we are, but not what we may be.” (Act IV, Scene 5)

Ophelia says this line while distributing her herbs and flowers to various characters. The quote reflects the uncertainty and unpredictability of life, suggesting that people cannot know their true potential or what they may become.

“He is dead and gone, lady. He is dead and gone. At his head a grass-green turf, at his heels a stone.” (Act IV, Scene 5)

Ophelia sings this haunting song as she is driven to madness after the death of her father. The song symbolizes death and the transience of life, with the green turf representing new life and the stone representing the permanence of death.

“Goodnight, ladies; goodnight, sweet ladies; goodnight, goodnight.” (Act IV, Scene 5)

Ophelia says this line as she exits the scene after singing her haunting song. The quote has a melancholic tone, as if Ophelia is saying goodbye to life and the people around her. The repetition of "goodnight" reinforces this idea of finality and farewell.

The Ghost

“I am thy father's spirit, doomed for a certain term to walk the night, and for the day confined to fast in fires till the foul crimes done in my days of nature are burnt and purged away.” (Act I, Scene 5)

This quote is the first introduction of The Ghost in the play. The Ghost reveals that he is the spirit of Hamlet's father and that he is doomed to walk the earth until his sins are purged away. This quote sets up the central conflict of the play, as Hamlet must avenge his father's murder and purge the sins committed by Claudius.

“Murder most foul, as in the best it is, but this most foul, strange and unnatural.” (Act I, Scene 5)

In this quote, The Ghost describes his murder as "most foul" and "strange and unnatural." The use of these adjectives emphasizes the severity of the crime committed against him and adds to the sense of injustice felt by The Ghost and Hamlet.

“But, howsoever thou pursuest this act, taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven, and to those thorns that in her bosom lodge, to prick and sting her.” (Act I, Scene 5)

The Ghost warns Hamlet not to seek revenge against his mother, Queen Gertrude, for her involvement in the murder. Instead, The Ghost asks Hamlet to leave her to her own conscience and the "thorns" that torment her. This quote highlights the complexity of the characters' relationships and adds depth to their motivations.

“If thou didst ever thy dear father love...Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.” (Act I, Scene 5)

This quote is the central request of The Ghost to Hamlet. He implores Hamlet to seek revenge for his murder and emphasizes the importance of their relationship as father and son. This quote sets up Hamlet's central conflict and gives him a clear goal for the rest of the play.

“Adieu, adieu, adieu. Remember me.” (Act I, Scene 5)

This final quote of The Ghost emphasizes his departure from Hamlet's life and his continued presence as a memory. The repetition of "adieu" adds to the sense of finality and the weight of The Ghost's departure. This quote also emphasizes the theme of memory and the impact of the past on the present.

Laertes

“And so have I a noble father lost, / A sister driven into desperate terms, / Whose worth, if praises may go back again, / Stood challenger on mount of all the age / For her perfections.” (Act IV, Scene 7)

Laertes speaks these lines upon his return to Denmark upon hearing of his father's death and his sister's madness. The quote shows Laertes' intense grief and frustration at the loss of his loved ones, and his desire for revenge. He views his father and sister as noble and virtuous, and is determined to avenge their deaths.

“To cut his throat i' th' church.” (Act IV, Scene 7)

Laertes utters this line when discussing his plan to kill Hamlet with Claudius. The quote shows Laertes' extreme anger and desire for revenge, as he is willing to commit such a heinous act even in a sacred place like a church.

“That drop of blood that's calm proclaims me bastard.” (Act IV, Scene 5)

Laertes speaks these lines when he is accusing Claudius of being responsible for his father's death. The quote is a metaphor, with Laertes claiming that a calm blood drop can only belong to a bastard child, suggesting that Claudius is illegitimate and thus not fit to be king.

“O heat, dry up my brains! Tears seven times salt, / Burn out the sense and virtue of mine eye!” (Act IV, Scene 5)

Laertes speaks these lines when he is mourning his father's death. The quote shows the intensity of Laertes' grief and despair, as he wishes his tears could burn out the pain in his heart and mind.

“Let come what comes, only I'll be revenged / Most thoroughly for my father.” (Act IV, Scene 5)

Laertes speaks this line when he is plotting his revenge against Hamlet for his father's death. The quote shows Laertes' unwavering determination to seek vengeance and his single-minded focus on avenging his father's death, even if it means his own destruction.

 

By theme

Revenge

Revenge quotes in Hamlet

“Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder” (Act I, Scene 5)

This quote, spoken by the Ghost, sets the stage for the theme of revenge in Hamlet. The Ghost is urging Hamlet to seek revenge for his murder, which he claims was committed by Claudius. This quote establishes revenge as the driving force behind Hamlet's actions throughout the play.

“Now could I drink hot blood, / And do such bitter business as the day / Would quake to look on” (Act III, Scene 2)

Hamlet speaks these words after his confrontation with his mother in her chamber, during which he mistakenly kills Polonius. This quote represents the intense desire for revenge that Hamlet is experiencing, as he is willing to commit violent acts in order to achieve his goal.

“O from this time forth, / My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!” (Act IV, Scene 4)

In this quote, Hamlet is expressing his determination to seek revenge for his father's murder. He has just learned that Fortinbras is leading an army through Denmark to fight for a worthless piece of land, and he contrasts this with his own mission to avenge his father's death. This quote emphasizes the all-consuming nature of Hamlet's desire for revenge.

“To cut his throat i' th' church” (Act IV, Scene 7)

Laertes speaks these words as he is plotting with Claudius to kill Hamlet. This quote represents the extreme lengths to which Laertes is willing to go in his quest for revenge. It also underscores the corruption and immorality that revenge can inspire in people.

“The rest is silence” (Act V, Scene 2)

These are Hamlet's final words in the play, spoken just before he dies. The quote represents the resolution of the theme of revenge, as Hamlet has finally achieved his goal of killing Claudius. It also highlights the high cost of revenge, as it has led to the deaths of many characters, including Hamlet himself.

Appearance vs Reality

“Seems, madam? Nay, it is. I know not 'seems'” (Act I, Scene 2) 

In this quote, Hamlet challenges the idea of appearance vs reality. He refuses to put on a façade and claims that what he appears to be is exactly what he is. He emphasizes the importance of authenticity and reveals his distrust of those who put on a false front.

“One may smile, and smile, and be a villain” (Act I, Scene 5) 

Hamlet's comment to himself after his first encounter with the Ghost highlights the theme of appearance vs reality. He is warning himself not to be fooled by the appearance of others, as the smiling face of someone can hide their true intentions, as is the case with his uncle, Claudius.

“To be honest, as this world goes, is to be one man picked out of ten thousand.” (Act II, Scene 2) 

Polonius speaks these lines to his son, Laertes, as he prepares to leave for France. The quote represents the theme of appearance vs reality by showing how rare it is for someone to be truly honest in the world. Polonius, who is known for his manipulative and deceptive ways, advises his son to pretend to be someone he is not in order to get ahead in life.

“The serpent that did sting thy father's life / Now wears his crown.” (Act I, Scene 5) 

The Ghost's appearance in the play sets the stage for the theme of appearance vs reality. It reveals the truth of King Hamlet's murder and the false appearance of Claudius as the new king. The quote highlights the irony that the same person who killed the previous king is now wearing his crown.

“This above all: to thine own self be true, / And it must follow, as the night the day, / Thou canst not then be false to any man.” (Act I, Scene 3) 

Polonius advises his son, Laertes, to be true to himself in this quote. The advice is given in a context that highlights the theme of appearance vs reality, as Polonius is known to be manipulative and deceptive. The quote emphasizes the importance of authenticity and warns against putting on false appearances.

Madness

Hamlet: Madness Quotes

“Though this be madness, yet there is method in't.” (Act II, Scene 2)

This line is spoken by Polonius as he observes Hamlet's behavior, trying to determine whether his madness is genuine or feigned. The line represents the theme of madness in the play, as it suggests that even in Hamlet's seemingly irrational actions, there is a method or purpose.

“O, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw and resolve itself into a dew, Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst self-slaughter.” (Act I, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he reflects on his own desire for death, expressing his own sense of madness and despair. The quote represents the theme of madness in the play, as it shows the mental anguish and instability that Hamlet experiences.

“Get thee to a nunnery.” (Act III, Scene 1)

This line is spoken by Hamlet to Ophelia, who he believes has betrayed him. The line represents the theme of madness in the play, as it shows Hamlet's irrational and erratic behavior, as well as his tendency to lash out at those around him.

“I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw.” (Act II, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as he discusses his own madness. The line represents the theme of madness in the play, as it shows the complexity of Hamlet's mental state and his awareness of his own condition.

“Madness in great ones must not unwatched go.” (Act III, Scene 1)

This line is spoken by King Claudius as he discusses his concerns about Hamlet's behavior with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The line represents the theme of madness in the play, as it suggests that even those in positions of power are susceptible to mental illness and that it must be carefully monitored.

Women

“"Frailty, thy name is woman!” (Act I, Scene 2) 

This famous quote is spoken by Hamlet in his soliloquy, reflecting on his mother's quick remarriage to his uncle after his father's death. It is often interpreted as a misogynistic statement, implying that women are weak and easily swayed. However, it can also be seen as a critique of the societal expectations placed on women, who were expected to be subservient and obedient to men.

“Get thee to a nunnery” (Act III, Scene 1) 

In this scene, Hamlet berates Ophelia for her supposed infidelity and tells her to enter a convent. The line has been interpreted in different ways, with some seeing it as evidence of Hamlet's misogyny and others as a way of protecting Ophelia from the corrupt and deceitful world of men.

“I have heard of your paintings too, well enough. God hath given you one face, and you make yourselves another.” (Act III, Scene 1) 

Hamlet speaks this line to Ophelia, accusing her of wearing makeup to deceive men. This quote can be seen as an example of the theme of appearance versus reality, as well as a criticism of the societal expectations placed on women to conform to certain standards of beauty.

“O, most wicked speed, to post / With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!” (Act I, Scene 2) 

These lines are spoken by Hamlet in his first soliloquy, reflecting on his mother's hasty marriage to his uncle. The phrase "incestuous sheets" highlights the taboo nature of the marriage, and it can be argued that the theme of women is tied to the larger theme of corruption and moral decay in the play.

“There's rosemary, that's for remembrance; pray, love, remember; and there is pansies, that's for thoughts.” (Act IV, Scene 5)  

In this scene, Ophelia is handing out flowers and herbs that represent different emotions and memories. This quote can be interpreted as a commentary on the limited agency of women in the play, as Ophelia is reduced to symbolic gestures and tokens rather than being allowed to express herself fully.

Religion

“Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio; a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy; he hath borne me on his back a thousand times; and now, how abhorred in my imagination it is! My gorge rises at it. Here hung those lips that I have kissed I know not how oft. Where be your gibes now? Your gambols? Your songs? Your flashes of merriment, that were wont to set the table on a roar? Not one now to mock your own grinning? Quite chap-fallen?” (Act V, Scene 1)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he holds the skull of Yorick, the court jester who has died. Hamlet's reflection on Yorick's mortality is a reminder of the inevitability of death, and it prompts him to contemplate the idea of an afterlife. The reference to "sin" and "damnation" in the quote is a nod to the religious beliefs of the time, which emphasized the importance of living a virtuous life in order to secure a place in heaven.

“The serpent that did sting thy father's life / Now wears his crown.” (Act I, Scene 5)

The Ghost speaks this line to Hamlet, revealing that he was murdered by his own brother, Claudius. The reference to the serpent alludes to the story of Adam and Eve in the Bible, where the serpent tempts Eve to eat the forbidden fruit and brings sin into the world. The quote suggests that Claudius's actions were not only morally wrong but also a violation of divine law.

“"Blessed are those / Whose blood and judgment are so well commingled / That they are not a pipe for Fortune's finger / To sound what stop she please.” (Act III, Scene 2)

In this soliloquy, Hamlet reflects on the idea of fortune, or fate, and how it affects people's lives. The reference to "blood and judgment" suggests that those who are both emotionally and intellectually balanced are less likely to be at the mercy of fortune. The quote also implies that those who are virtuous are more likely to be blessed by God.

Corruption

Hamlet: Corruption Quotes

“Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.” (Act I, Scene 4)

This line is spoken by Marcellus and highlights the pervasive corruption within the Danish court. The use of the word "rotten" implies decay and moral degradation, indicating that there is something fundamentally wrong with the state of affairs in Denmark. The line also sets the stage for the themes of corruption and decay that are pervasive throughout the play.

“That one may smile, and smile, and be a villain.” (Act I, Scene 5)

Hamlet says this line in response to his mother's suggestion that he stop grieving for his father. The quote illustrates the theme of appearance versus reality and highlights the idea that someone can appear to be virtuous and honorable while simultaneously engaging in corrupt behavior. This idea is reinforced throughout the play as characters like Claudius and Polonius manipulate those around them for their own gain.

“I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw.” (Act II, Scene 2)

In this quote, Hamlet is suggesting that he is not truly mad, but rather pretending to be in order to carry out his revenge plot. This idea of deception and corruption is further reinforced by the fact that the characters in the play are constantly hiding their true intentions from each other. The quote highlights the idea that there is a fine line between sanity and madness, and that deception and manipulation are pervasive themes throughout the play.

“This above all: to thine own self be true.” (Act I, Scene 3)

Polonius says this line as he is giving advice to his son Laertes. While on the surface, the line appears to be a straightforward message about the importance of being honest and true to oneself, it also highlights the theme of corruption and deceit. Throughout the play, characters like Polonius and Claudius are constantly lying to themselves and others, revealing the moral decay that has infected the Danish court.

“The lady doth protest too much, methinks.” (Act III, Scene 2)

Queen Gertrude says this line in response to a play that Hamlet has staged in order to expose Claudius's guilt. The quote highlights the idea that people who protest their innocence too much are often hiding something, and reinforces the idea of pervasive corruption within the Danish court. The line also speaks to the theme of appearance versus reality, as characters in the play often hide their true intentions and motivations behind a façade of virtue and respectability.

Action vs Inaction

“I am pigeon-liver'd and lack gall.” (Act II, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he reflects on his own lack of action in avenging his father's murder. He compares himself to a pigeon, a bird known for its timidity and lack of courage, and admits that he lacks the necessary courage and determination to take action.

“Our wills and fates do so contrary run / That our devices still are overthrown; / Our thoughts are ours, their ends none of our own.” (Act III, Scene 2)

These lines are spoken by Hamlet as he reflects on the difficulty of taking action in a world where the forces of fate and destiny seem to be working against him. He suggests that even when we make plans and take action, we cannot always control the outcome, as fate may intervene and thwart our efforts.

“The time is out of joint: O cursed spite, / That ever I was born to set it right!” (Act I, Scene 5)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he reflects on the enormity of the task before him in avenging his father's murder. He feels overwhelmed by the weight of his responsibility and the difficulty of his task, and laments that he was born into a world where such a task is necessary.

“"How stand I then, / That have a father killed, a mother stained, / Excitements of my reason and my blood, / And let all sleep, while to my shame I see / The imminent death of twenty thousand men, / That for a fantasy and trick of fame / Go to their graves like beds, fight for a plot / Whereon the numbers cannot try the cause, / Which is not tomb enough and continent / To hide the slain?” (Act IV, Scene 4)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he reflects on the futility of his own inaction in the face of the impending invasion of Norway. He compares his own failure to take action and avenge his father's murder to the meaningless deaths of the soldiers who fight for an empty plot of land.

“O, from this time forth, / My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!” (Act IV, Scene 4)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet as he resolves to take action and avenge his father's murder. He recognizes that his previous inaction has led to the deaths of many innocent people and that he must now act decisively if he hopes to put things right. The line is a clear expression of the play's theme of action vs inaction, as Hamlet recognizes the importance of taking action and the consequences of failing to do so.

By literary device

Setting

“But break my heart, for I must hold my tongue.” (Act I, Scene 2)

This quote is spoken by Hamlet in the opening scene of the play, as he laments his father's death and his mother's hasty remarriage to his uncle, Claudius. The setting of this scene is significant, as it takes place in the castle of Elsinore, a dark and foreboding place that reflects the sense of grief and unease that permeates the play. The line "But break my heart" suggests that Hamlet is deeply emotional and passionate, but the fact that he must "hold [his] tongue" indicates that he is also constrained by the political and social expectations of his position.

“Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.” (Act I, Scene 4)

This famous line is spoken by Marcellus as he and Horatio stand guard outside the castle of Elsinore, watching for the ghost of Hamlet's father. The setting of this scene is significant, as it highlights the corruption and decay that pervades the court of Denmark. The use of the word "rotten" suggests that the problem is deeply rooted and pervasive, and the fact that Marcellus feels the need to make this statement indicates that the corruption is widely recognized and acknowledged.

“To be, or not to be: that is the question.” (Act III, Scene 1)

This soliloquy is spoken by Hamlet in a secluded part of the castle, away from the prying eyes of his courtiers. The setting of this scene is significant, as it underscores the sense of isolation and despair that Hamlet feels as he contemplates the meaning of life and death. The fact that he is alone suggests that he is free to express his true feelings and thoughts without fear of judgment or censure, and the fact that he is in a dark and secluded place suggests that his thoughts are dark and troubling. The setting also emphasizes the contrast between Hamlet's internal struggles and the superficiality and artificiality of the courtly world around him.

Symbolism

“Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.” (Act I, Scene 4)

This is one of the most well-known quotes from Hamlet, and it is often cited as an example of the play's use of symbolism. The quote is spoken by Marcellus, one of the guards at Elsinore Castle, as he and his companions discuss the appearance of the Ghost. The line is symbolic of the decay and corruption that permeates the entire play, both in the political system of Denmark and in the personal relationships of the characters.

“The time is out of joint. O cursed spite, that ever I was born to set it right!” (Act I, Scene 5)

Hamlet speaks this line after he has been visited by the Ghost, who reveals that he was murdered by his own brother, Claudius. The line is symbolic of the chaos and disorder that has taken hold of Denmark since Claudius's ascension to the throne, and it foreshadows the violence and bloodshed that will ensue as Hamlet seeks revenge for his father's death.

“Get thee to a nunnery.” (Act III, Scene 1)

Hamlet speaks these words to Ophelia as he berates her for her supposed infidelity. The line is symbolic of the patriarchal society in which the play is set, where women are expected to be chaste and obedient to men. It also foreshadows the tragic end that Ophelia will meet later in the play, as she is driven to madness and eventually drowns herself.

“There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, / Than are dreamt of in your philosophy.” (Act I, Scene 5)

Hamlet speaks these words to his friend Horatio as they discuss the appearance of the Ghost. The line is symbolic of the play's exploration of the supernatural, and it suggests that there are forces at work in the universe that are beyond human understanding. It also highlights Hamlet's philosophical nature, and his willingness to question the status quo.

“Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio, a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy.” (Act V, Scene 1)

Hamlet speaks these words as he holds the skull of Yorick, a court jester who has long been dead. The skull is symbolic of the inevitability of death, and it serves as a reminder to Hamlet of his own mortality. It also highlights the theme of the fleeting nature of life, and the fact that all things must eventually pass away.

Irony

“Seems, madam? Nay, it is; I know not 'seems.'” (Act I, Scene 2)

This line is spoken by Hamlet to his mother, Queen Gertrude, when she comments on his behavior and implies that he is only pretending to be mad. Hamlet responds with this ironic statement, emphasizing that his madness is not an act but rather a genuine state of mind. The use of irony highlights the contrast between appearance and reality and how it can be difficult to discern the truth.

“My lord, we were sent for." "I will tell you why; so shall my anticipation prevent your discovery, and your secrecy to the king and queen moult no feather.” (Act II, Scene 2)

In this exchange between Polonius and Hamlet, Polonius tries to get to the bottom of Hamlet's behavior by asking why he sent for the actors. Hamlet responds with an ironic statement, implying that he knows the real reason and that he will reveal it to Polonius before he has a chance to discover it himself. This use of irony highlights the power dynamic between Hamlet and Polonius, with Hamlet seeming to hold all the cards.

“There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” (Act II, Scene 2)

Hamlet utters this line to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern when they ask him how he is doing. The use of irony here is that Hamlet is pretending to be philosophical and detached, but in reality, he is deeply disturbed and struggling with his own thoughts and emotions. The statement also highlights the theme of appearance versus reality, as what appears to be a calm and collected statement is really a reflection of Hamlet's inner turmoil.

“O, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven; / It hath the primal eldest curse upon't, / A brother's murder.” (Act III, Scene 3)

Claudius speaks these lines in a soliloquy, reflecting on his guilt for the murder of his brother, King Hamlet. The use of irony is that Claudius acknowledges the gravity of his sin and how it has cursed him, yet he continues to hold onto his power and even tries to repent through prayer. The irony highlights the corrupt nature of the character and the gap between his words and actions.

“Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio, a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy. He hath borne me on his back a thousand times, and now, how abhorred in my imagination it is!” (Act V, Scene 1)

In this scene, Hamlet holds the skull of Yorick, the court jester, and reflects on the fleeting nature of life. The use of irony here is that Hamlet had previously mocked Polonius for being a "jester" and for being old and foolish. However, he now mourns the loss of Yorick, showing the irony of how one's opinion of someone can change when confronted with mortality. The symbol of the skull also highlights the theme of death and decay throughout the play.

Metaphor

“To die, to sleep; / To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;” (Act III, Scene 1)

This quote is a metaphor that compares death to sleep. Hamlet is contemplating suicide and the possibility of death being a release from the pain and struggles of life. The use of the metaphor suggests that death is a form of rest, but also implies that there may be unknown consequences to the act of dying, just as there may be unknown consequences to the act of falling asleep and dreaming.

“Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.” (Act I, Scene 4)

This is a metaphorical statement made by Marcellus as he and Horatio discuss the appearance of the ghost. The metaphor is used to suggest that there is something deeply wrong with the political and moral state of Denmark. The image of something rotting suggests decay and corruption, which can be applied to the actions of Claudius and the court, as well as the supernatural presence of the ghost.

“O, my offense is rank, it smells to heaven.” (Act III, Scene 3)

This is another metaphorical statement made by Claudius as he reflects on his guilt over killing King Hamlet. The metaphor compares Claudius's offense to a foul smell that rises to the heavens, implying that it is a serious sin that will not go unnoticed. The use of the metaphor reinforces the idea that there are consequences to one's actions, and that even if one can conceal their wrongdoing from others, they cannot escape the judgement of a higher power.

Allusion

“Hyperion to a satyr” (Act I, Scene 2)

In this metaphorical allusion, Hamlet compares his father, King Hamlet, to the god Hyperion, who was associated with light and wisdom, and his uncle, Claudius, to a satyr, a mythological creature often associated with drunkenness and lechery. This allusion highlights Hamlet's contempt for Claudius and his reverence for his father.

“To what base uses we may return, Horatio!” (Act V, Scene 1)

In this allusion, Hamlet is referencing the story of Alexander the Great, who, according to legend, on his deathbed, instructed his followers to scatter his ashes in the wind so that his body could return to the earth. This allusion highlights the fleeting nature of human life and the inevitability of death.

“Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio” (Act V, Scene 1)

In this famous scene, Hamlet holds the skull of his court jester, Yorick, and reminisces about their time together. This allusion to Yorick serves as a powerful symbol of the transience of life and the inevitability of death. It also underscores Hamlet's own journey from youth to maturity and his realization that death comes for everyone, regardless of station or class.