A Dream Deferred: Comparing "A Raisin in The Sun" and Langston Hughes' Poem

Dreams are an integral part of human existence, serving as a driving force for ambition and hope. In both Lorraine Hansberry's play "A Raisin in the Sun" and Langston Hughes' poem "Harlem," the concept of deferred dreams takes center stage. This essay will explore the similarities and differences between the two works, examining how Hughes' poem aligns with the themes and motifs in Hansberry's play. By analyzing the implications of a deferred dream, we will gain a deeper understanding of the characters' aspirations and the societal contexts in which they exist.
In "A Raisin in the Sun," the Younger family faces numerous obstacles that delay their dreams of a better life. The central character, Lena, also known as Mama, dreams of providing a comfortable home for her family. However, due to the discrimination and limited opportunities available to African Americans in 1950s Chicago, her dream is repeatedly deferred. This aligns with Hughes' poem, where a deferred dream is compared to a raisin in the sun. Both works highlight the frustration and disappointment that arise when dreams are put on hold, emphasizing the toll it takes on individuals and communities.
One of the main characters in Hansberry's play, Walter Lee Younger, dreams of becoming a successful businessman and providing financial security for his family. However, his dream is deferred by the harsh realities of racism and economic inequality. This parallels Hughes' poem, as it portrays a deferred dream as something that "fester[s] like a sore." The constant delay of Walter's dream leads to bitterness and resentment, ultimately impacting his relationships and his own self-worth. The comparison between the play and the poem highlights the emotional toll that deferred dreams can have on individuals.
Hansberry's play also explores the dreams of Beneatha, Walter Lee's sister, who aspires to become a doctor. Her dream is also deferred, as she faces both racial and gender discrimination in her pursuit of higher education. Hughes' poem captures this sentiment when it asks, "Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?" The comparison between the two works illuminates the shared struggles faced by African Americans during this time period and the lasting impact of deferred dreams.
In addition to the characters' individual dreams, "A Raisin in the Sun" and Hughes' poem both address the larger dream of racial equality. The play depicts the Younger family's fight against discrimination and their desire to move into a predominantly white neighborhood. This dream is deferred by the racism and prejudice prevalent in society, reflecting the broader struggles of the African American community. Similarly, Hughes' poem explores the consequences of a deferred dream for an entire community, emphasizing the importance of addressing systemic injustice.
In conclusion, the comparison between "A Raisin in the Sun" and Hughes' poem "Harlem" reveals the shared themes and motifs surrounding deferred dreams. Both works highlight the frustration, bitterness, and emotional toll that arise when dreams are continuously delayed. By examining the characters' aspirations and the societal contexts in which they exist, we gain a deeper understanding of the struggles faced by African Americans in the mid-20th century. Through their poignant portrayals, both Hansberry and Hughes provide powerful commentary on the human condition and the importance of pursuing dreams despite the obstacles in one's path.

Bibliography:
Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. Vintage Books, 1994.

Hughes, Langston. "Harlem." The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes, edited by Arnold Rampersad and David Roessel, Vintage Classics, 1995.