Harold Krebs's Struggles after Returning from World War I

Introduction

In "Soldier's Home," Ernest Hemingway makes use of a small-town setting to provide his readers with insight into the troubled, young mind of Harold Krebs. Harold Krebs struggles to adjust to life in Hemingway's lifeless Oklahoma town shortly after his late return from combat in World War I. Hemingway's social environment in "Soldier's Home" contributes to its family-based, yet dull atmosphere, with which Krebs must attempt to cope. Hemingway utilizes many aspects of setting, constructively pairing place and time, along with the social environment present in "Soldier's Home," to develop a monotonous atmosphere that parallels Krebs' sentiment.

Setting and Atmosphere

Hemingway produces a place for the reader: an Oklahoma town during a 1920s boom to which Harold Krebs returns after serving his country in World War I, only to find that most everything is the same, with only a few changes to its setting. Krebs finds Hemingway's world much too complicated underneath, for its simplicity on the surface; Krebs particularly notices the young girls of the town, mainly from the comfort of his home porch:

"Nothing was changed in the town except that the young girls had grown up. But they lived in such a complicated world of already defined alliances and shifting feuds that Krebs did not feel the energy or the courage to break into it. He liked to look at them though. There were so many good-looking young girls. Most of them had their hair cut short. When he went away only little girls wore their hair like that, or girls that were fast. They all wore sweaters and shirt waists with round Dutch collars. It was a pattern. He liked to look at them from the porch as they walked on the other side of the street" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 171).

Upon return, Krebs finds that Hemingway's town is unchanged; the young girls grow up with their own issues, too many for Krebs to care about any one in particular. Watching the good-looking girls from the shelter of his porch becomes a pastime; they dress indistinguishably and still bear shortly cropped hair. The unvaried girls grow up in Hemingway's setting, bringing Krebs' youthful memories back to life with them, a long time after Krebs lives them. Short hair and Dutch collars have become commonplace for young girls. Krebs sees girls wearing collars as he himself became accustomed to wearing with his fraternity brothers: "There is a picture which shows him among his fraternity brothers, all of them wearing exactly the same height and style collar" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 170). Time does not change anything. Hemingway's character spends much of his time at home as well as the pool hall: "...to spend the hottest hours of the day in the cool dark of the pool room. He loved to play pool" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 171). The pool room, a second home to Krebs, is cool and dark, much like the feelings that reside within Krebs. Much like Hemingway's flat, uniform Oklahoma prairie setting parallels Krebs' unchanging present time existence, the pool room creates a blunt atmosphere applicable to a homogenous civil backdrop.

Social Environment and Character Interaction

The details of Hemingway's social environment and the atmosphere that they create have a negative effect on the protagonist, causing him much difficulty with readapting to his surroundings. Krebs uncomfortably resides in Hemingway's town, whose residents only open their ears to dramatized tales of the war, driving Krebs to speaking half-truths and whole lies in an ineffective attempt at pleasing his audience, as at the pool room, a beloved venue for the young man:

"His lies were quite unimportant lies and consisted in attributing to himself things other men had seen, done, or heard of, and stating facts certain apocryphal incidents familiar to all soldiers. Even his lies were not sensational at the pool room. His acquaintances, who had heard detailed accounts of German women found chained to machine guns in the Argonne forest and who could not comprehend, or were barred by their patriotism from any interest in, any German machine gunners who were not chained, were not thrilled by his stories" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 170).

In seeking his acquaintances' approval, Krebs revises his war stories at the pool room in a shallow attempt to thrill his peers; they, however, remain unswayed. There is no change in their emotion, Krebs does not fit in. Hemingway bases his primarily middle-class town, where most families own a single car, on a strong value system, wrapped in a religious lining. Love, a common theme professed throughout Hemingway's story, makes Krebs uncomfortable. Krebs' sister, who loves her brother and looks up to him, asks: "Do you love me?" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 173). His mother, as well, loves him very much in her motherly way and questions Krebs: "Yes, don't you love your mother dear boy?" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 174). Krebs replies "no" to his mother, and this brings her to tears. Krebs' discomfort with Hemingway's social environment becomes quite evident. Once Krebs comes to apologize to his mother, she requests to pray with him. He declines, and upon his refusal she asks, "Do you want me to pray for you?" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 174). Hemingway's town possesses a peaceful yet indifferent aura; bacon and eggs are an everyday breakfast, not just a meal for Sundays. The story represents the 1920s time period very well. Krebs' father works in the real estate business and never makes an appearance on Hemingway's pages: "His father was noncommittal" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 171). The time's social standard of men settling down and marrying is ever-present in Hemingway's writing. This causes Krebs' mother to distressfully confront him in the way of a veiled nag, explaining to him: "Charley Simons, who is just your age, has a good job and is going to be married. The boys are all settling down; they're all determined to get somewhere; you can see that boys like Charley Simmons are on their way to being really a credit to the community" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 174). Bringing evidence of Krebs' displeasure with Hemingway's value system are some of Hemingway's last remarks: "He would go to Kansas City and get a job and she would feel alright about it. There would be one more scene maybe before he got away" (Hemingway, 2005, p. 174). Krebs evidently wants to get away. The civil environment in Hemingway's story troubles Krebs very much, despite the peaceful, indifferent atmosphere of the town. He does not want to love again, he has no drive for life, living in the wrong place at the wrong time.

Conclusion

With the setting of a peaceful Oklahoma town, Ernest Hemingway, once a soldier himself, places the reader in the shoes of a troubled young man who struggles to adhere to the social backdrop of his conservative town after returning from the front lines of World War I. Hemingway provides Krebs with an unchanged social environment in a monotonous place where he does not want to spend his time. As Krebs uncomfortably plods through the complications of Hemingway's indifferent atmosphere, unpleased with the social backdrop, its abstruse details become too problematic for Krebs to appreciate. One can only be left to wonder what Hemingway's intent for Krebs' future may be, whether he will move on and in time find happiness in another place, or be damned to struggle with his social problem as long as he may exist.

Works Cited

Hemingway, E. (2005). Soldier's Home. In M. Meyer (Ed.), The Bedford Introduction to Literature (7th ed., pp. 170-175). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's.