The Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Osteoporosis

Introduction to Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease in which the body loses too much bone, too little bone, or even both. This medical condition makes the bones brittle and fragile, increasing the likelihood of fractures or breaks within the body. The brittleness of the bones makes it extremely easy for individuals to suffer fractures. Some people with osteoporosis experience fractures or breaks in their bones from mild movements, such as sneezing, coughing, and even bending over (Osteoporosis, 2016). Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced with new bone. However, in osteoporosis, the removal of the old bone outpaces the formation of new bone. Although osteoporosis can affect any male or female, it predominantly affects white and Asian women who are postmenopausal (Norman, 2016).

The Silent Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is often referred to as the “silent disease” because the weakening of bones is not immediately detectable. However, frequent bone fractures can be an indicator of osteoporosis. If individuals begin to lose height or notice a curvature in their spine, they should consult a doctor and be tested for osteoporosis (Osteoporosis, 2016). Osteoporosis may limit mobility, which often leads to feelings of isolation or depression (Sheil, 2016). Additionally, the disease can severely impact one's quality of life due to the fear of potential fractures from routine activities.

Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

Doctors will examine patients and record their symptoms, but diagnosing osteoporosis requires specific tests. X-rays, known as densitometry, are used to measure bone density, also called bone mineral density (BMD) (Osteoporosis, 2016). The World Health Organization has established criteria for diagnosing osteoporosis. According to WHO guidelines, doctors must assess the levels that predict the risk of fractures. They compare the patient’s BMD to that of a healthy individual to determine the severity of osteoporosis (Norman, 2016). This process helps to identify individuals at risk of fractures and allows for timely intervention.

Treatment and Management of Osteoporosis

The treatment for osteoporosis depends on the severity as indicated by BMD levels. If BMD levels are low, medication may not be required, but lifestyle changes will be necessary to reduce the risk of fractures. Numerous medications are available for those with mild to severe osteoporosis. Some studies indicate that increasing soy protein in one’s diet can benefit those with osteoporosis. Physical therapy is also offered as part of the treatment plan (Osteoporosis, 2016). Lifestyle modifications such as weight-bearing exercises, calcium, and vitamin D supplements play a crucial role in managing the disease.

Prognosis and Outlook for Osteoporosis Patients

Although there is no definitive cure for osteoporosis, the outlook is not entirely bleak. If detected early, preventive measures can be taken, and the condition can be managed effectively. Even severe cases of osteoporosis can be treated, improving the likelihood of reducing fractures or bone breaks (Osteoporosis, 2016). The pain associated with bone fractures is generally temporary, subsiding within a week or two. There is hope for those with osteoporosis due to the various medications and treatment options available, which can significantly enhance the quality of life for patients.

References

• Norman, A. (2016). Understanding Osteoporosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. Journal of Bone Health, 12(3), 345-356.
• Osteoporosis. (2016). In Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.medicalencyclopedia.com/osteoporosis
• Sheil, W. (2016). The Emotional Impact of Osteoporosis. Health Psychology Review, 8(2), 210-219.