Analysis of The Fault in Our Stars Through Erikson’s Theory of Psychological Development

Introduction

In John Green's novel "The Fault in Our Stars," Hazel Grace Lancaster emerges as the central character and protagonist, grappling with the challenges of a terminal cancer diagnosis. The story unfolds as Hazel navigates her complex journey through adolescence, love, and loss. To delve deeper into Hazel's character development, this essay employs Erik Erikson's psychoanalytical theory, which delineates eight stages of psychosocial development. These stages offer valuable insights into how Hazel copes with the adversity of her cancer diagnosis. This essay will explore two specific stages - Industry vs. Inferiority and Intimacy vs. Isolation - and how they manifest in Hazel's life, ultimately shaping her character.

Hazel's Struggle with Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development, Industry vs. Inferiority, occurs during ages five to twelve. In this stage, children seek to gain self-esteem through their interactions with their peer groups. Successfully navigating this stage leads to a sense of competence and self-worth. However, for Hazel, her diagnosis of terminal thyroid cancer, which has metastasized to her lungs, becomes a formidable obstacle during this critical phase of development.

During this stage, healthy children complete it with a sense of belonging and self-assuredness, which eludes Hazel. Her illness sets her apart from her peers, making her feel like an outcast. Hazel's decision to finish high school early and distance herself from her age-mates exemplifies her isolation. The knowledge of her impending mortality only exacerbates her sense of difference. As a result, Hazel is denied the opportunity to derive self-esteem from her peer group, a central aspect of this developmental stage.

Hazel's cancer diagnosis disrupts the typical trajectory of Industry vs. Inferiority, leaving her without the sense of competence and self-worth that her healthy peers can attain. Consequently, she isolates herself from others her age and navigates a unique path towards self-discovery.

Hazel's Journey to Intimacy vs. Isolation

The sixth stage of Erikson's theory, Intimacy vs. Isolation, centers on the formation of meaningful relationships outside the family. Successful resolution of this stage results in secure, loving relationships characterized by commitment and care. However, Hazel initially struggles in this stage, choosing isolation as a defense mechanism against the pain and burden she believes her illness will impose on others.

Hazel's reluctance to acknowledge her feelings for Augustus exemplifies her initial failure in this stage. She develops a habit of distancing herself from potential emotional attachments to minimize future pain. Her mindset revolves around sparing her loved ones from the anguish of her inevitable demise. Hazel's decision to avoid emotional entanglements with others reflects her apprehension about the potential isolation, loneliness, and depression that often accompany failed attempts at intimacy.

However, as the narrative progresses, Hazel's perspective begins to shift. She allows herself to embrace love and intimacy, exemplified by her relationship with Augustus. She realizes that closing herself off from meaningful connections does not shield her or her loved ones from suffering. This transformation culminates in her famous quote: "I fell in love with the way you fall asleep; slowly and then all at once." Her journey through the stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation ultimately results in a loving and committed relationship with Augustus, as well as a deep friendship with Isaac.

Conclusion

In "The Fault in Our Stars," Hazel Grace Lancaster's character development is profoundly influenced by her battle with cancer. Erik Erikson's psychoanalytical theory offers a valuable framework for understanding how Hazel's struggles align with the stages of psychosocial development. Hazel's diagnosis disrupts her path through the Industry vs. Inferiority stage, leaving her isolated and struggling to find self-esteem among her peers. Her journey through the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage initially involves avoiding emotional attachments but ultimately leads her to embrace love and commitment.