Automatic Streetlight Control System

Automatic Streetlight Control System is a simple and powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch to switch ON and OFF the street light automatically. By using this system manual works are removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the noticeable region of our vision. It automatically switches OFF lights under brightness by sunlight. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light in reality like our eyes. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because nowadays the manually functioned street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset. In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time change significantly which is one of the major disadvantage of using timer circuits or manual process. This project exploits the working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the lights at correct time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch.

The main consideration in the current field technologies are Automation, Power consumption and cost effectiveness. Automation is intended to reduce human power with the help of intelligent systems. Power saving is the main consideration forever as the source of the power(Thermal, Hydro etc.,)are getting decreased due to several reasons.

Automatic Streetlight needs no manual operation of switching ON and OFF. The system itself senses whether there is need for light or not. When darkness increases to a definite value then automatically streetlight goes from OFF to switched ON and when there is other source of light, the streetlight gets switched OFF. The scope of darkness at which the streetlight to be switched on can also be tailored using the potentiometer provided in the circuit.

Moreover, the circuit is carefully designed to avoid common problems like overload, relay chattering and inductive kick back in relay.

Every evening, street lighting control system has to light up at the right time and purpose seamlessly. A city’s street lights provide safer traffic environments, safer ordinary environment and can represent a great development to the city’s architectural, touristic and commercial output. These benefits are not exactly cheap though, with an average of 40% of the public funds energy bill being spent for street lighting only. The growing of the energy price, plus the significant maintenance expenses and always increasing expectations manifested by the public put a continuous weight on the lighting finances. Street lighting provides a safe nighttime environment for all road users including walkers. Providing street lighting is one of the most important and expensive responsibilities of every city. Lighting can account for 10%–40% of the total energy bill in most cities around the world. Street lighting is a generally critical concern for public authorities in developing countries because of its considered importance for the financial and social stability. Useless lighting wastes significant financial resources every year, and poor lighting creates unsafe environments. Energy efficient technologies and design mechanism can reduce cost of the street lighting extremely.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:

• To study the existing streetlight control systems.
• The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent streetlight controlling system using LDR, which is able to save the power.
• Developing the system of streetlights.
• To eliminate the human errors.
• To save power which is very important for human life.

Automatic Streetlight Control System is a simple and powerful conception, which uses transistor as a switch to switch ON and OFF the streetlight automatically. By using this system manual works are removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights under illumination by sunlight. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because nowadays the manually operated streetlights are not switched OFF properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched ON earlier before sunset. In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time change significantly which is one of the major disadvantage of using timer circuits or manual operation.

This project exploits the working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the lights at appropriate time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch. Automatic Streetlight needs no manual operation of switching ON and OFF. The system itself detects whether there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically streetlight is switched ON and when there is other source of light, the street light gets OFF. The extent of the darkness at which the street light to be switched ON can tailored using the potentiometer provides in the circuit.