The Issue of Academic Achievement Gap in America

The Achievement Gap: An Overview

The Achievement Gap often refers to the disparities in academic performance between minority and white students. This gap does not begin when a child starts school; rather, it starts even before a child enters the educational system. Despite efforts by the Department of Education and the government to bridge this gap, it remains a persistent issue. While there have been some improvements in test scores, as Ravitch (2010) notes, closing the achievement gap is challenging when all groups are making progress (p. 363). For the gap to close, minority students would need to make substantial improvements. Achieving this would require changes at home, in classrooms, and within the Board of Education. Although it may take several years to close the gap and elevate all groups to the same academic level, it is indeed possible.

The Root Causes of the Achievement Gap

Ravitch (2010) asserts that the privatization of schools can often lead to increased segregation (p. 362). She also argues that such gaps are prevalent wherever inequality exists. Students from more advantaged backgrounds generally have higher test scores than those from less advantaged families. Typically, white children come from more privileged families and can afford private schooling, whereas minority children often hail from less advantaged families and attend public schools (Ravitch, 2010, p. 363). Jonathan Kozol supports Ravitch's view, suggesting that schools are reverting to segregation and that predominantly white schools provide superior education. Therefore, transformations need to start at the homes of minority students. Parents should begin teaching their children reading, spelling, and vocabulary skills before they start school. By setting high standards and serving as good role models, parents can significantly influence their children's educational achievements.

The Role of Public and Private Schools

Public and private schools differ in numerous ways. Public schools are free, whereas private schools require tuition. Kozol highlights the ongoing separation and inequality in schools. In urban communities, teachers earn approximately $43,000 annually, while in predominantly white communities, they earn between $74,000 and $77,000. Furthermore, spending per pupil is $11,700 in urban areas compared to $722,000 in white communities. Consequently, white students often receive a better education due to the availability of resources. Based on personal experiences, public schools may have more distractions, as children are not always raised with the right values. Many minority students live in challenging environments and mimic behaviors they observe, making teaching and learning more difficult. Additionally, some teachers in public schools may lack confidence in their students, leading to unethical practices such as cheating on standardized tests. This not only creates problems for students but also tarnishes the reputation of public schools. Therefore, changes in the classroom are essential to closing the gap.

The Need for Systemic Change

Changes are also necessary within the Board of Education. Teachers should not be pressured to teach only the material that may appear on standardized tests, as this could lead to unethical behaviors to preserve their jobs. The No Child Left Behind policy is beneficial to a certain extent. However, instead of closing schools that fail to meet Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) and relocating students, the Department of Education should consider replacing teachers or providing additional funding to equip schools with the necessary resources for effective teaching. Lastly, reform within the Board of Education is crucial for making sustainable changes.

Conclusion

Closing the Achievement Gap will require time and concerted effort, but it is achievable. All parties must be aligned and committed to working together. For meaningful improvements, changes need to occur within minority homes, classrooms, and the Board of Education. Addressing these areas comprehensively can help bridge the gap and ensure equal educational opportunities for all students.

References:

• Ravitch, D. (2010). The Death and Life of the Great American School System: How Testing and Choice Are Undermining Education. Basic Books.