Differences Between Ariel and Caliban: Exploring Their Treatment

In William Shakespeare's renowned play, "The Tempest," the characters Ariel and Caliban serve as intriguing figures that highlight the complexities of power, oppression, and freedom. Both Ariel, the ethereal spirit, and Caliban, the enslaved native of the island, experience contrasting treatment from their master, Prospero. This essay aims to analyze the major differences in the way Ariel and Caliban are treated, shedding light on the implications of these disparities. By examining their roles, relationships, and respective journeys, we can discern the contrasting attitudes and treatment towards these characters, ultimately emphasizing the significant power dynamics at play in the play.

Ariel, the airy spirit of the island, plays a pivotal role in "The Tempest." His abilities to manipulate the elements and perform magical tasks make him indispensable to Prospero, who rescued him from imprisonment in a pine tree. Ariel's treatment by Prospero is characterized by a certain level of respect and gratitude. Prospero acknowledges Ariel's contributions and rewards him with the promise of freedom upon the completion of his tasks. This treatment is evident in Prospero's words:

"Do you love me, master? No?
Dearly my delicate Ariel. Do not approach
Till thou dost hear me call."

Here, Prospero refers to Ariel as "my delicate Ariel," indicating a sense of affection and care. The use of possessive pronouns, such as "my," highlights the bond between Prospero and Ariel and reveals a level of trust and reliance on the spirit's abilities. This contrasts significantly with the treatment of Caliban.

Caliban, the indigenous inhabitant of the island, represents the marginalized and oppressed. Unlike Ariel, Caliban is treated with disdain and contempt by Prospero. The master-slave relationship between Prospero and Caliban is characterized by harsh treatment, physical abuse, and derogatory language. In Act I, Prospero describes Caliban in derogatory terms:

"Thou poisonous slave, got by the devil himself
Upon thy wicked dam, come forth."

These derogatory remarks reflect Prospero's dehumanizing treatment of Caliban, reducing him to a mere object of scorn and disgust. The repetition of negative adjectives, such as "poisonous" and "wicked," emphasizes the degrading nature of Prospero's opinion of Caliban. This stark contrast in treatment between Ariel and Caliban highlights the power dynamics at play in the play and raises questions about the underlying motivations and prejudices of the characters.

The differing treatment of Ariel and Caliban stems from their individual relationships with Prospero. While Ariel is seen as a valuable asset to Prospero's plans for power and control, Caliban is viewed as a threat and a hindrance. Prospero's relationship with Ariel is characterized by mutual respect and understanding, as evident in their dialogue:

"Well done! Avoid no more!
I thank thee, Ariel. Come."

Here, Prospero expresses gratitude towards Ariel for successfully executing a task, praising him and inviting him to join him. This dialogue showcases a collaborative relationship, where Prospero recognizes and acknowledges Ariel's efforts. In contrast, Prospero's relationship with Caliban is one of subjugation and domination. Caliban is seen as a rebellious force that needs to be controlled:

"For this, be sure, tonight thou shalt have cramps,
Side-stitches that shall pen thy breath up."

These threats and acts of punishment reveal the oppressive nature of Prospero's treatment towards Caliban. The differing treatment of Ariel and Caliban reflects Prospero's perception of power and his willingness to wield it over those he deems inferior.

Another major difference in the treatment of Ariel and Caliban lies in their respective journeys and potential for freedom. Ariel's journey revolves around his quest for liberation from Prospero's control. Though bound by a sense of duty, Ariel remains hopeful for his release. Prospero acknowledges Ariel's longing for freedom and assures him of his eventual liberation:

"Merrily, merrily shall I live now
Under the blossom that hangs on the bough."

This promise of freedom offers Ariel a glimmer of hope and motivates him to fulfill Prospero's bidding. On the other hand, Caliban's journey is marked by a desire for revenge against Prospero, whom he sees as an invader and oppressor:

"What a thrice-double ass
Was I to take this drunkard for a god
And worship this dull fool!"

Caliban's journey, however, is fraught with obstacles and setbacks, as Prospero's control over him remains unyielding. The difference in their journeys and the potential for freedom accentuates the disparities in treatment and emphasizes the power dynamics between Ariel and Caliban.

Conclusion

The treatment of Ariel and Caliban in "The Tempest" highlights the stark contrast in power dynamics and oppression. Ariel, the ethereal spirit, is treated with respect and gratitude by Prospero, while Caliban, the enslaved native, endures dehumanizing treatment and abuse. These differences in treatment are reflected in their roles, relationships, and journeys throughout the play. By examining the disparities in treatment, we gain insight into the complex themes of power, oppression, and freedom in Shakespeare's "The Tempest." The contrasting treatment of Ariel and Caliban serves as a reminder of the enduring impact of power dynamics and the importance of empathy and equity in human relationships.