Piggy in "Lord of The Flies": Symbol of Civilisation

Introduction

William Golding's "Lord of the Flies" delves into what it means to be human, exploring the fragility of civilization and the primal instincts lurking beneath. Among its characters, Piggy stands out as a representation of intellect, logic, and the tenuous nature of societal order. Through Piggy, Golding contrasts rationality with the chaos that emerges on the island, showing the constant struggle between civilization and savagery. This essay examines Piggy’s role in the novel, illustrating how he embodies reason and order and how his tragic fate underscores the story's grim perspective on human nature.

Piggy’s Unique Characteristics and His Advocacy for Order

Piggy's distinct physical and intellectual traits set him apart. Described as overweight, asthmatic, and bespectacled, he is often ridiculed or dismissed by the others. However, beneath this exterior lies a sharp mind filled with ideas aimed at maintaining order. Piggy’s contributions, such as using the conch shell to assemble meetings and advocating for a signal fire, emphasize his logical approach to survival and structure. Unlike the other boys, who embrace the absence of adult supervision, Piggy clings to the principles of organization. His glasses, a literal tool for creating fire, symbolize clarity and the pursuit of knowledge, reinforcing his role as a beacon of civilization.

The Clash Between Savagery and Civilization: Piggy vs. Jack

Piggy’s intellectual ideals clash with Jack’s growing obsession with power and primal instincts. Jack, who epitomizes savagery, dismisses Piggy's insights and increasingly undermines his attempts to maintain order. The conch shell, a symbol of democracy and structure cherished by Piggy, loses its significance as Jack’s influence grows. The destruction of the conch, coinciding with Piggy’s death at Roger’s hands, marks the ultimate triumph of chaos over reason. Piggy’s deliberate killing signifies the collapse of civilized norms, highlighting the fragility of rational discourse in the face of unbridled violence.

Piggy’s Relationship with Ralph and the Struggle for Leadership

Piggy’s alliance with Ralph reflects the broader conflict between order and anarchy. While Ralph initially relies on Piggy's intelligence to guide his leadership, he gradually succumbs to the same primal urges that drive Jack. Despite being mocked and physically threatened, Piggy remains steadfast in his belief in reason and structured governance. His unwavering support for Ralph’s leadership and his ultimate sacrifice underscore the vulnerability of intellect when confronted by humanity’s darker instincts. His death serves as a poignant reminder of Golding's bleak outlook on the human condition: reason alone cannot withstand the pull of savagery.

Conclusion

In "Lord of the Flies," Piggy stands as a compelling symbol of logic and order amidst societal disintegration. His efforts to uphold the principles of civilization starkly contrast with the descent into chaos led by Jack and his followers. Through Piggy’s contributions and tragic demise, Golding underscores the delicate balance between humanity’s rational and primal tendencies. Ultimately, Piggy’s journey serves as a powerful commentary on the vulnerability of intellect and the precarious nature of civilization in the face of innate human savagery.

References

• Golding, W., (1954). Lord of the Flies.
• Kinkead-Weekes, M., & Gregor, I., (1967). A Critical Study: William Golding - A Preface to "Lord of the Flies".
• Cox, C.B., (1985). “On ‘The Lord Of The Flies’.” The Critical Quarterly, vol 27.
• Baker, J.R., (1960). “The Meaning Of ‘Lord Of The Flies.’” The English Journal, vol 49.
• Eagleton T., (1996) Literary Theory: An Introduction.