Table of contents
- Rising Crime Rates and Government Response
- Understanding Security
- Human Security: A Broader Perspective
- Factors Contributing to the Security Dilemma
- Table 1: Key Factors Contributing to Security Challenges in The Gambia
- Addressing the Security Crisis
- Conclusion
On December 1st, 2016, many Gambians believed they were witnessing the dawn of a new era. There was a palpable sense of optimism that the long-standing culture of impunity would be eradicated and that the country would transition from a state of negative peace—characterized by the absence of overt violence—to one of positive peace, defined by security and stability in the minds and lives of its citizens. However, recent developments across The Gambia have raised alarming security concerns, fostering an atmosphere of fear and apprehension among the populace. Reports from various media outlets indicate a sharp rise in violent crimes, including gruesome murders, armed robberies, kidnappings, and politically motivated ethnic clashes, alongside the alarming discovery of weapons in civilian hands.
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'The Gambia’s Glaring Security Dilemma'
Rising Crime Rates and Government Response
The Inspector General of the Gambia Police Force (IGP) announced on April 16, 2018, that checkpoints would be reinstated nationwide to combat escalating crime, a response prompted by a brazen armed robbery at the Jah Oil petrol station in Brikama. Tragically, on April 4, 2018, the lifeless body of a Gambian Army Corporal was discovered in a well near Tanji village, underscoring the severity of the situation. These incidents represent a significant departure from the relative calm that had characterized Gambia for over five decades. This paper aims to explore the underlying factors contributing to the apparent breakdown of security in this small West African nation.
Understanding Security
What constitutes "security"? It is essential to recognize that security is not an absolute state; achieving total security is nearly impossible. The constant evolution of criminal tactics necessitates that the government remain vigilant in protecting its citizens' lives and property. Philosopher John Locke posited that individuals surrender certain rights to a governing authority to safeguard their natural rights. Should the government fail in this duty, it breaches its social contract with the people, warranting potential removal by the citizenry.
Human Security: A Broader Perspective
As Emma Rothschild (1995) articulated in her paper "What is Security?", the concept of security must extend beyond the mere protection of states to encompass the security of individuals. The United Nations Development Program's 1994 Human Development Report emphasized the need to transition from traditional notions of state security to a focus on human security, which includes protection from chronic threats such as hunger and disease, as well as sudden disruptions. This framework is critical for understanding the security challenges facing The Gambia today.
Factors Contributing to the Security Dilemma
The Gambia's current security crisis can be attributed to multiple factors. First and foremost, the absence of large-scale conflict does not equate to genuine security, as many citizens have learned since 2016. The political transition following the ousting of Yahya Jammeh's regime has resulted in a notable uptick in criminal activity, including armed robbery and murder. While some attribute this rise in crime to a power vacuum left by the previous government, it is crucial to recognize that the lack of effective governance and focus on security has allowed criminal elements to thrive.
Table 1: Key Factors Contributing to Security Challenges in The Gambia
| Factor |
Description |
| Political Transition |
Instability following the end of a dictatorial regime has led to increased crime. |
| Poverty and Unemployment |
High rates of poverty and unemployment, especially among youth, contribute to crime. |
| Lack of Resources |
The police force is under-resourced, hindering effective crime prevention. |
| Weak Military Support |
Insufficient integration of the military in domestic security measures exacerbates the crisis. |
| Social Discontent |
Frustration among citizens, particularly deportees, leads to social unrest and crime. |
Addressing the Security Crisis
To address these pressing security issues, it is imperative that the Gambian government prioritize the establishment of a robust security framework. This includes fostering trust and collaboration between the government and the military, as the Gambian Army represents a critical long-term solution to national security challenges. Moreover, President Barrow must ensure that the military is adequately supported and integrated into security operations, particularly in border control and crime prevention.
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Conclusion
In conclusion, the myriad challenges facing The Gambia's security landscape require a concerted effort from all sectors of society. The government must actively engage with the youth, addressing unemployment and education to mitigate the root causes of crime. Moreover, political leaders must demonstrate decisiveness and commitment to the country's stability, moving beyond mere rhetoric to implement effective policies. As we strive for a secure and prosperous Gambia, it is essential to recognize that sustainable development must originate from within, empowering citizens to take an active role in shaping their future.
