The Implementation and Evolution of Self-driving Vehicles

Water based vehicles, air-based vehicles, electric vehicles, and automobile vehicles are some of them. But automobile vehicles are well known. Many engineers are involving and interesting in this industry. Only few developments are remaining now. Definitely most of the people like to own these automobile vehicles.

Self-driving cars are the most wonderful future of automotive industry. Autonomous or in depended drive makes the drivers relief especially in long distance journey. Otherwise the driver should always remain his mind at every single part of the vehicle. They don’t need any human intervention throughout the journey and also, they are suitable in well controlled roads with low level speed. But it is better the drivers always beware about the steering of wheels to avoid sudden accidents while the car loses its control. Intelligent parking technology, adaptive cruise controlling technology, ability to driving in highways automatically, are the additional features those should be made in these autonomous cars for the development.

One can have his own autonomous car for private needs, is called ownership model. Strangely an amazing facility will be introduced, that is people could call cars whenever they want to travel by them and this is called service model. There is an additional model called business model that is the car drives on itself with a demand it wants. Sonar devices, lasers, stereo cameras, and radar are widely used in the development of these autonomous cars. The main purposes of these cars are to enhance the automobile driving experience and reduce the stress of drivers.

The legislation for selling and operate on the public roads will be passed soon. Autonomous vehicles reduce emissions from pollution, labour cost, consumption of fuel, congestion and infrastructure cost. and they increase safety, convenience, savings and productivity of a country annually. They also reduce need of public transportation, which leads to reduced service, and stimulate more extensive development of patterns which reduce the transport methods and increase total vehicles used to travel. The operation for Autonomous vehicle requires mapping and navigation services. They may be shared vehicles like self – driving taxis. It is cheap to use personal automobile vehicles than normal conventional taxis. But they cost than man powered vehicles. Time that is needed to develop the high performance of vehicles, collecting passengers and cleaning influences the cost of production.

Automobile vehicles are developed with highly competitive environment. This is a long-term technology with short term implications. The challenges are need of modern infrastructure that sensors can reliably read, security concerns, including cybersecurity, and the cost implications. They needed to be environment friendly. It can reduce the number of vehicles on the road, road traffic accidents and this is the primary aim of this technology. At the same time some new challenges raised such as software bugs, cyberattacks, and failure to control. Selection of customers and how will the manufacturers make deals with them are also the major problems. The customers could be facing any risks from automobile vehicles. The policies about these vehicles should be annually renewable. The cost differs according to the technology, software which is used to develop, qualities of implementation and sensor, speed of changing, demand of transportation and anticipated types of driving. And it should be profitable to the manufacturers and be able to pay by dealers or customers. If the legislations are favourable to sellers it will not cause any rough influences.

Now these automobile vehicles are not in a broad usage. But they are used in a casual way. That means they are used in rush traffic cities, highways, and in mountainous roads with less man interventions. The device, called Velodyne 64-beam laser is used to generate a detailed 3D map of the current environment. Then the measurements of laser are combined with high-resolution maps of the world by the car, producing different types of data that allow car to drive itself with avoiding of interference and following road traffic laws. The vehicle carries sensor, camera, immobile measurement unit, wheel encoder, and a GPS (Global Position System) this shows its current location, and movements. First of all, the accurate location is determined by the maps of terrains and roads along with GPS techniques. Then after the automobile car is derived by engineers to access the environmental condition. When the car is turned to drive itself, the data acquired is compared with that of recorded previously. It helps to recognize the pedestrians from other stationary objects. The engineers hope this technology definitely make transportation better in future.

There are some disadvantages of self-driving vehicles such as driving related jobs will be lost, privacy of the owner could not be preserved as other people can access the location and position of our own car, autonomous vehicles could be loaded with explosives or bombs, risk of terrorist attacks. Technical requirements include maps with very high quality for the proper handling of these cars and these maps should be updated within proper time intervals, machine vision for recognizing objects, deep networks with several stages or levels which need to get neurons stimulated by the environment. It is risk to control the autonomous vehicles by de skilled drivers during emergency situations. With the weather changes the vehicle should have made to rearrange its functioning in a correct way. However, among these issues the engineers have well used the automobile technology to provide a convenient transport facility to the world.

References

1. T. Litman, Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Predictions, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2017.
2. E. E. D. Tony Sault, The evolution in self- driving vehicles, EY (ey.com), 2017.
3. E. G. /. TUE, How Google's Self-Driving Car Works, IEEE Spectrum, OCTOBER 18, 2011.
4. G. Silberg, Self-driving cars: The next revolution.
5. Boulton, Nissan Lays Out Roadmap for Autonomous Cars, July 2014.