The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed in 1949 to oppose Soviet expansionism in Western Europe. The end of the war saw the Soviet Union solidify its gains in Eastern Europe, garrisoning countries such as Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Bulgaria and East Germany. NATO was a direct response to the raising of what Winston Churchill deemed the “Iron Curtain”.

In 1988, NATO’s plan for the defense of Western Europe was the doctrine of forward defense, in which Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces were stopped as far close to the inner German border as possible. A defense in depth—which experience on the Eastern Front in World War II had proved superior—would have imperiled virtually the entire West German population and forty years of postwar rebuilding. NATO seemingly had no unified battle plan other than to “man the line” until Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces were exhausted—whereupon counterattacks could be executed to restore prewar borders. West German Army forces, inflexible at the strategic level, were allowed a level of flexibility at the tactical level. The United States devised Air Land Battle, a doctrine that stipulated ground and air units would work together to strike the enemy simultaneously, from the forward edge of the battle area to deep behind enemy lines. At sea, the primary mission of NATO’s naval forces was to keep the sea lanes between North America and Europe open, in order to guarantee the flow of reinforcements from the United States and Canada. NATO patrol aircraft, ships and submarines would seek out Soviet submarines attempting to interdict supply convoys, trying to keep them north of an imaginary line connecting Greenland, Iceland and the United Kingdom.

In the Norwegian Sea, the U.S. Navy planned to surge two to three carrier battle groups, plus a battleship surface action group to attack Soviet air and naval bases of the Northern Fleet. This direct attack on the Soviet homeland was meant to divert enemy attention from the convoys, destroy air and naval facilities, and starve enemy units at sea of support. It would also, unofficially, isolate Soviet ballistic missile submarines from their land-based support, leaving them in a position to be hunted down. NATO naval forces would bottle up Soviet, Polish and East German naval forces inside the Baltic Sea, and prevent a seaborne invasion of Denmark. West German naval forces would be on alert for Polish marine units attempting to execute a landing north of Hamburg. In the air, NATO’s air fleets would be assigned to several roles. American F-15s and F-16s, British Tornado ADV, and German F-4 Phantom jets, among many others, would attempt to establish air superiority over the continent. Meanwhile, British and German Tornado IDS low-level strike bombers would fly counter-air missions, bombing Warsaw Pact airfields in East Germany and Poland. USAF F-111 fighter bombers and other alliance strike jets would perform interdiction missions, bombing bridges, headquarters, supply and other targets to slow the Warsaw Pact advance. Finally, American A-10 Warthogs, German Alpha Jets and Royal Air Force Harriers would be providing forward air support to beleaguered NATO ground troops. Yet it was on the ground was where the war would have been decided.

Everything supported the war on the ground—even the air war, for the ideal Soviet solution to NATO air superiority was to put a tank on every enemy airfield. These two systems then created the nature of parties on different plains and cultivated the way for different powers to form in future affairs with many other nations in their own collaborative struggle. The entanglement of the subjective before raised hate between both parties. The Soviets began to rethink the entire notion of disembarking from the Japanese and German alliance as from their motives of world domination, but they gave it thought and saw a great opportunity for the takeover towards the rest of the world. The Japanese would be a very bad and judicial force no one wants to make angry at people so they recruited them for their ruthless efforts and they had to be stopped from reign of communism. The Soviets also have deemed their efforts to keep continuing their run over of the entire region with communistic fear. Governmental enterprises were greatly astonished by something that was cause in this way of terror. Many thought that this would escalate into a war itself although these two were included in a war, but are two groups that won’t have a heated war but a “baby cold war”.

In 1999 the NATO, they launched a 78-day bombing campaign against Serbia. This campaign was to stop the mistreatment of ethnic Albanians in the area of Kosovo. As the Yugoslav government accepted the peace accord in June, the aircraft of 13 NATO countries dropped over 20,000 bombs in an air campaign to destroy and mislead the Yugoslav militia in Kosovo.

Strategic targets through this nation which has integrated air defense systems and military command beyond wonder, electrical power stations, and petroleum factories. NATO had started the campaign as to respecting Serb air defenses. Combat aircraft and antiaircraft guns and missiles flew no lower than 1,500 meters. NATO only lost a couple of aircraft which led to air tactics in the jet age were now being modernized by technology and aerodynamics. Organizations came also. Spurred by the North Korean invasion of South Korea in June 1950, the United States took steps to demonstrate that it would resist any Soviet military expansion or pressures in Europe. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the leader of the Allied forces in western Europe in World War II, was named Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) by the North Atlantic Council (NATO’s governing body) in December 1950. He was followed as SACEUR by a succession of American generals.