The Problem of Pathogenic Microbes in Fish

Pathogenic microbes in fish represent a serious problem and major concern due to lack of income, lowering worldwide aquaculture and improvement in human associated sicknesses (Lafferty et al. 2015). The intake of clean African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is on the boom in rural and urban centres in Nigeria (FDF, 2007; Emikpe et al., 2011). But, there is dearth of statistics on the bacterial load in African catfish sampled from ponds and natural water (Emikpe et al., 2011). The need for passive and periodic surveillance at the presence of pathogenic microbes in fishes is vital. The microbial variety of clean water may additionally encompass complicated vegetation of microorganisms, together with sincerely aquatic pathogens and different components brought from human, animal and plant sources.

A number of pathogenic microbes in fish are facultative (Nayak 2010) and capable of continual existence in water for lengthy intervals of time, consequently making their presence hard to prevent. Examination of pathogenic micro organism must be completed often to assume the occurrence of a pathogen attack. The success of disease control, such as prevention and treatment, is strongly influenced by way of the accuracy of disease analysis in fish. The scale of human activities has been established to exert some destructive consequences on coastal waters. When you consider that numerous fishes use food particles from big volume of waters, if these waters are infected, the hazard that enteric pathogens from infected people may be present is excessive and those contaminants may eventually be concentrated by using the filter feeding nature of the fish. Fish constitute an important part of the day by day weight-reduction plan of human beings in many countries and has been one of the foremost food resources for human for many centuries. Fishes are good source of animal protein, rich in minerals, amino acids, and critical fatty acids.

Consequently, fishes are a treasured contribution to the eating routine of malnourished populations. There is an appreciable rise in the demand for fish as it present the cheapest source of animal protein. But, fishes may be faced with microbial infection of their natural habitat and their transformation products may be a supply of microbial infections and food poisoning. Within the natural habitat, microorganisms are typically found at the entire outer surface (pores and skin and gills) and in the intestines of fishes. Bacterial flora of freshly stuck fishes relies upon at the surroundings in which they have been captured. Furthermore, stated that the level of contamination of a fish at the time of capture depends largely at the microbiological quality of the water and the environment wherein which they were captured. Water bodies can be extraordinarily polluted by means of animal and human wastes thereby containing several microorganisms which may additionally make a contribution to its pollutants. The presence of diverse microbes which can be in particular pathogenic to human in fish is best suggestive, but its significance in initiation of human diseases is unknown. But the presence of potential human pathogens suggests the fish was consumed raw, undercooked and if improperly handled, may cause diseases to susceptible individuals.