The Role of Religion in Robertson Davies’ Fifth Business

Introduction

Religion is a prominent and recurring theme in Robertson Davies' novel, "Fifth Business." It explores the human need to believe in something greater than oneself, seeking protection and guidance from a higher power. Religion provides a framework of beliefs that offer meaning to life and addresses profound questions that science alone may not answer. Renowned psychologist Carl Jung proposed the idea of a religious instinct inherent in all humans, a deep longing for a connection with a transcendent force or being beyond human comprehension. This concept is closely linked to the idea of individuation, the process of discovering and accepting various facets of one's self.

Analysis of the theme of religion in "Fifth Business"

Throughout the novel, the theme of religion is intertwined with the journey of Dunstan Ramsay, who embarks on a quest to have Mary Dempster recognized as a saint. With the assistance of Padre Blazon, Dunstan undergoes a profound transformation, finding a deeper sense of self and spirituality. Simultaneously, Mary's presence catalyzes a spiritual awakening in Joel Surgeoner, a tramp who undergoes a remarkable transformation after encountering her. Religion serves as a means of self-improvement and self-discovery in the novel, evident in various instances such as Mary Dempster performing a miracle for Joel, Dunstan's quest to acknowledge Mary as a saint, and Dunstan's reconciliation with his own psyche as Mary is perceived as a "fool-saint."

The Role of Mary Dempster

Mary Dempster's role in the narrative is pivotal, as she is revered as a saint not only by Dunstan but also by others. A saint is typically regarded as a person with a heightened degree of holiness or divine connection. Mary is attributed with having performed three miracles, the first being the reformation of a tramp named Joel. Joel had been living a life of destitution and suffering, marked by abuse and homelessness, until he encountered Mary Dempster, who profoundly transformed his life. Joel attests to her saintliness, declaring her a blessed Saint for her miraculous intervention in his life.

In his own words, Joel recounts his experience, stating, "They turned me loose next morning, and I ran out of that town laughing and shouting like the man who was delivered from devils by Our Lord. As I had been, you see. He worked through that woman, and she is a blessed Saint, for what she did for me - I mean it as I say it - a miracle." This testimony underscores the belief that Mary's actions, including a consensual act of intimacy, served as a miraculous catalyst for Joel's transformation. His life takes a dramatic turn, leading him to embrace Christianity and become a devout and compassionate Christian, running a charitable organization to help the homeless, preventing others from enduring the hardships he once faced.

Mary's act of kindness not only reshapes Joel's life but also imbues him with newfound religious fervor. This exemplifies the idea proposed by Carl Jung that religion aids in the completion of an individual, harmonizing their various facets. Mary's act was a catalyst for personal and spiritual growth in Joel, fulfilling his destiny and making him a religious and altruistic being.

The Role of Padre Blazon

One of Dunstan's significant encounters is with Padre Blazon, an elderly Jesuit. Unlike Father Regan, who holds a more traditional view of sainthood, Padre Blazon embraces a different perspective. He emphasizes that sainthood cannot be bestowed by individuals like the Pope; instead, it should be recognized when undeniable evidence reveals someone's saintly qualities. Blazon's philosophy allows for a more inclusive and faith-driven approach to sainthood. It suggests that if a person genuinely believes in Mary Dempster's saintliness, then, in a sense, she indeed possesses those qualities. Dunstan is deeply captivated by this perspective, fueling his determination to recognize Mary as a saint.

Throughout the narrative, Dunstan's obsession with Mary Dempster is evident. His unwavering commitment to his quest illustrates the profound impact of faith on his life. Even when others dismiss the idea of Mary being a saint, Dunstan remains resolute in his belief. Father Regan's skepticism and condescending remarks do not deter Dunstan; instead, they intensify his desire to delve deeper into Mary's story and complete his quest of faith. This unyielding commitment marks a crucial phase in Dunstan's individuation process, where his quest for Mary's recognition becomes intertwined with his spiritual development, leading him to explore his own identity and beliefs.

Padre Blazon plays a pivotal role in Dunstan's journey towards recognizing Mary as a saint. Blazon offers support and understanding, acknowledging Mary as a "fool-saint." On his deathbed, Padre reflects on Mary Dempster and affirms her saintly qualities, aligning with Dunstan's belief. Blazon's wisdom and validation provide Dunstan with the clarity he needs to come to terms with his own psyche and faith. Padre's guidance allows Dunstan to relinquish the burden of questioning Mary's purpose and sanity and focus on his own spiritual growth.

Conclusion

In "Fifth Business," religion serves as a means for self-improvement and self-discovery. It is portrayed as a set of beliefs that guide individuals to a greater understanding of themselves and their purpose. The novel demonstrates that through faith, individuals can come to know themselves more profoundly. Robertson Davies employs religion as a central theme to illustrate its profound influence on characters' lives and its reflection of society's values. This theme underscores the idea that discovering one's faith is synonymous with self-discovery.

Works Cited

1. Davies, R. (1970). Fifth Business. Penguin Canada.
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3. Stevens, D. L. (1990). Beyond Death: The Ghost Stories of Robertson Davies. Journal of Canadian Fiction, 82-92.
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