By Character

Odysseus

“Tell me, Muse, of the man of many ways, who was driven far journeys, after he had sacked Troy's sacred citadel” (Book 1, Lines 1-2).

This quote is the opening line of The Odyssey and sets the tone for the epic poem. It invokes the goddess of inspiration, the Muse, to tell the story of Odysseus, a man of many talents and a traveler who has been on many journeys. It also highlights the fact that Odysseus is a hero who has accomplished great deeds, such as sacking the sacred citadel of Troy.

“Cyclops, if ever a mortal man inquire how you were put to shame and blinded, tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye: Laertes' son, whose home is Ithaca!” (Book 9, Lines 502-505).

This quote is spoken by Odysseus to the blinded Cyclops, Polyphemus. Odysseus reveals his true identity and takes credit for blinding the giant, thus showcasing his cunning and bravery. The quote also highlights the fact that Odysseus is proud of his accomplishments and is not afraid to take credit for them.

“I am Laertes' son, Odysseus. Men hold me formidable for guile in peace and war: this fame has gone abroad to the sky's rim” (Book 19, Lines 203-205).

This quote is spoken by Odysseus to Penelope's suitors, who are trying to win her hand in marriage. Odysseus reveals his true identity and asserts his reputation as a cunning and formidable warrior. The quote highlights the fact that Odysseus is proud of his reputation and is not afraid to assert it when necessary.

“Friends, have we never been in danger before this? More fearsome, is it now, than when the Cyclops penned us in his cave? What power he had! Did I not keep my nerve, and use my wits to find a way out for us?” (Book 12, Lines 354-358).

This quote is spoken by Odysseus to his men when they are facing the dangers of the Sirens' song and the whirlpool of Charybdis. Odysseus encourages his men to be brave and reminds them that they have faced great dangers before and survived. The quote also highlights the fact that Odysseus is a skilled leader who uses his intelligence and cunning to find solutions to difficult problems.

Telemachus

“Mother, go back up into your quarters, and take up your own work, the loom and the distaff... speech will be the business of men, all men, and of me most of all; for mine is the power in this household.” (Book 1)

This quote shows Telemachus taking a stand and asserting himself as the head of the household. He is telling his mother to go back to her traditional role as a weaver and let the men handle the speaking and decision-making.

“I am no longer a child; I have put childish things behind me.” (Book 4)

Here, Telemachus is declaring that he has grown up and is no longer a naive and inexperienced youth. He is ready to take on the challenges and responsibilities of being a man and a leader.

“But I will be the bane of these suitors, if Zeus, the lord of counsel, gives me glory and success... I will not spare either myself or you, mother, when the time comes for action.” (Book 2)

Telemachus is vowing to take revenge on the suitors who have been wasting his father's property and trying to take his place. He is determined to restore order to his household and prove himself as a capable leader.

“Why, mother,”

poised Telemachus put in sharply, “why deny

our devoted bard the chance to entertain us

any way the spirit stirs him on?"

In this quote from The Odyssey, Telemachus is speaking to his mother Penelope about allowing the bard Phemius to perform for the suitors. Telemachus is pushing back against Penelope's request to stop the performance, arguing that Phemius should be able to entertain them in any way he sees fit. Telemachus' use of the phrase "our devoted bard" suggests that he has a close relationship with Phemius and values his talent as a musician. This quote highlights the importance of storytelling and entertainment in ancient Greek society, as well as the power dynamics at play in the relationship between the suitors and the household. It also underscores Telemachus' growing confidence and willingness to assert himself in the face of the suitors' disrespect.

Athena

“I am Mentes, son of Anchialus, and I rule over the oarsmen of the Taphians, those famous mariners. I have come to visit your father's house, for I hear he is absent from his home” (Book 1, lines 179-182).

In this quote, Athena appears to Telemachus disguised as Mentes. This is significant because it shows Athena's willingness to intervene in the lives of mortals and her ability to take on different forms to do so. It also highlights her respect for the mortal realm and the importance of hospitality, as she presents herself as a guest in Telemachus' home.

“Let me reassure you. Do not be afraid, Telemachus, for you have me to protect you” (Book 2, lines 266-267).

Athena speaks these words to Telemachus at the assembly in Ithaca, where he is trying to assert his authority as the rightful heir to the throne. This quote emphasizes Athena's role as a protector and mentor to Telemachus, as well as her commitment to helping him navigate the challenges of his journey.

“You must not cling to your boyhood any longer—it is time you were a man” (Book 1, lines 296-297).

Athena says this to Telemachus as she urges him to set out on his journey to find his father. This quote highlights the theme of maturity and growth throughout the epic, as Telemachus must learn to become a man and assert his authority in his own right.

“Let them all die so, all who do such things.”

But my heart breaks for Odysseus,

That seasoned veteran cursed by fate so long—

Far from his loved ones still, he suffers torments."

This quote is spoken by Athena in Book 1 of The Odyssey. She is responding to the news of the suitors' disruptive behavior in the absence of Odysseus, their rightful king, and expressing her empathy for his suffering.

The quote highlights the goddess's strong sense of justice, as she condemns the suitors' actions and wishes for them to suffer the same fate they have brought upon themselves. At the same time, it also reveals her compassion for Odysseus, who has endured years of hardship and separation from his family and kingdom.

Penelope

“Telemachus, sweet light of my eyes, you are here! And I thought I would never see you more, after you sailed for Pylos. Come in, dear boy, and let me gladden my heart by gazing at you, home now from distant lands, and here, in my house.”

The quote highlights Penelope's deep love for her son and her joy at his safe return. The use of the phrase "sweet light of my eyes" demonstrates the depth of her emotional connection to Telemachus, and her relief at his safe return after fearing that she might never see him again.

The quote also serves to highlight the theme of homecoming and reunion that is central to the Odyssey. Penelope's words reflect the importance of family and home in ancient Greek culture, and the joy that comes with the return of loved ones.

“Stranger, if you were indeed my husband Odysseus, and have come back to me after many wanderings and much suffering, then you shall have such gifts and such welcome as I would give to my own husband.” (Book 19, line 449-452)

Penelope speaks these words to Odysseus in disguise, not realizing that he is actually her husband. Her response shows her loyalty and love for Odysseus, as she is willing to welcome him back and offer him gifts even after being separated for so long. This quote also highlights the theme of homecoming and the importance of family in the epic.

“Three whole years”

I deceived them blind, seduced them with this scheme."

Penelope's quote is a testament to her cunning and intelligence. She is referring to her plan to deceive the suitors who are trying to win her hand in marriage while her husband Odysseus is away at war.

The quote reveals Penelope's determination and resourcefulness, as she manages to outsmart the suitors for three long years, despite their constant presence in her home. Her use of the words "deceived them blind" suggests that she was able to manipulate them so effectively that they were completely unaware of her true intentions.

Furthermore, the phrase "seduced them with this scheme" implies that Penelope used her wits and charm to manipulate the suitors into believing that she was considering their offers of marriage, when in reality she was stalling for time until her husband's return. This displays her shrewdness and ability to play the long game.

Circe

“Come, sheath your sword, let's go to bed together, mount my bed and mix in the magic work of love, we'll breed deep trust between us.”

In this quote, Circe is welcoming Odysseus, who had just arrived at her island, to put aside his weapon and join her in bed. The language she uses is seductive and suggestive, indicating her desire for a sexual encounter with him. The phrase "mix in the magic work of love" adds an element of enchantment and mystery to the invitation, suggesting that there is something supernatural or otherworldly about their potential union. This quote has a sinister undertone, as Circe is known for her ability to transform men into animals and her offer of food and drink could be seen as a means of trapping them.

“Odysseus, noble son of Laertes, take this moly into your hands, for the harm it can do is great, and none but a god could manage to pluck it. But if you have it in your hands, it will guard you against harm, and no mortal or god can harm you.” (Book 10, lines 305-309)

Here, Circe is warning Odysseus of the dangers he will face on his journey home and offering him protection in the form of the herb moly. This quote also highlights Circe's knowledge and connection to the divine, as she knows the power of the herb and its ability to protect against harmful magic.

Calypso

“You really think, Odysseus, that your wife will remain true to you? Come now, I tell you, even though you long to see her, it is better far to stay here. You will have an immortal wife and rule men and gods alike.” 

This quote highlights Calypso's attempts to persuade Odysseus to stay with her, and her manipulative nature. She suggests that his wife, Penelope, will not remain faithful to him, and offers him an alternative of becoming an immortal ruler.

“I wish I had been joined in love to an ordinary mortal, and not to one who can never die. All my heart longs for is to share the life span of a human being.” 

This quote showcases Calypso's emotional side, as she reveals her desire for mortality and her struggle with immortality. It humanizes her character and adds depth to her otherwise manipulative nature.

By Theme

Hospitality

“Stranger, whoever you are, stop and speak. You are welcome. We have plenty of food and drink. No one leaves before being fed and given gifts.” - Book 7, lines 170-173

This quote, spoken by King Alcinous to Odysseus when he washes up on the shores of Phaeacia, exemplifies the theme of hospitality in The Odyssey. The Phaeacians, like many of the characters in the epic, offer warm hospitality to strangers who arrive on their shores.

“But here's an unlucky wanderer strayed our way,/and we must tend him well. Every stranger and beggar/ comes from Zeus.” - Book 6

This quote, spoken by Nausicaa in Book 6 of The Odyssey, demonstrates the ancient Greek value of xenia, or hospitality towards strangers. Nausicaa recognizes the duty to treat strangers with kindness and compassion, even if they are in need of help. She refers to the man as an "unlucky wanderer" who has "strayed" their way, emphasizing the idea that strangers are often vulnerable and in need of aid. Nausicaa also invokes the name of Zeus, suggesting that hospitality towards strangers is not only a social custom, but also a religious duty. 

“Mix the wine in the bowl, pour rounds to all our banqueters in the house so we can pour out cups to Zeus who loves the lightning, champion of suppliants—suppliants' rights are sacred.” - Book 7

This quote is spoken by Alcinous, the king of the Phaeacians, in Book 7 of The Odyssey. In this quote, Alcinous is instructing his servants to mix wine and serve it to the guests in their home. He then commands them to pour out a cup of wine to Zeus, the god of lightning, who is the champion of suppliants. The use of the word "suppliants" emphasizes the importance of hospitality and protection towards guests, as they are considered sacred and under the protection of the gods. This quote highlights the cultural value of hospitality in Ancient Greek society and the importance of honoring the gods through offerings and rituals.

“But since we chanced on you [cyclops], we're at your knees. In hopes of a warm welcome, even a guest-gift.” - Book 9

This quote from The Odyssey highlights the Greek custom of hospitality, where strangers and guests were expected to be treated with kindness and respect. In this case, Odysseus and his men have arrived at the cave of the Cyclops Polyphemus, hoping for a warm welcome and hospitality. The phrase "at your knees" suggests that they are humbly seeking the Cyclops' mercy and favor, acknowledging his power over them. The mention of a "guest-gift" is also significant, as it was customary for hosts to offer gifts to their guests as a sign of goodwill and hospitality.

Fate and Free Will

“Fate has spun the thread of life so that men are doomed to die.” - Book 7, lines 197-198

This quote by King Alcinous highlights the recurring theme of fate and destiny in The Odyssey. It suggests that despite human efforts and struggles, fate ultimately controls their lives and death.

“Do not try to talk me out of death, Odysseus. I would rather die at home than meet my death in a foreign land.” - Book 9, lines 402-404

This quote by the crew member Elpenor shows how even though fate may be inevitable, individuals still have the power of free will. Elpenor chooses to face his fate at home, rather than a foreign land, exercising his agency.

“All men have need of the gods.” - Book 3, line 174

This quote by Nestor suggests that the gods also play a significant role in fate and free will. Despite having agency, humans still require the gods' help and guidance to navigate the complexities of life.

“Ah how shameless – the way these mortals blame the gods. From us alone, they say, come all their miseries, yes, but they themselves, with their own reckless ways, compound their pains beyond their proper share.” - Book 1, lines 32-36

This quote by Zeus highlights the tension between fate and free will in The Odyssey. While fate plays a role in human lives, individuals also have the power to create their own miseries through their choices and actions.

“My child, what strange remarks you let escape you. Could I forget that kingly man, Odysseus? There is no mortal half so wise; no mortal have so much to the lords of open sky. Only the god who laps the land in water, Poseidon, bears the fighter an old grudge since he poked out the eye of Polyphemos...” - Book 1

This quote is spoken by Zeus in The Odyssey, Book 1. Zeus is responding to Athena's complaint that Odysseus has been kept captive by Calypso. In his response, Zeus acknowledges the greatness of Odysseus, describing him as a kingly man who is the wisest mortal and has the favor of the gods. However, Zeus also mentions that the sea-god Poseidon holds a grudge against Odysseus for blinding his son Polyphemus, the Cyclops. This quote highlights the complexity of the relationships between mortals and gods in The Odyssey, and how the actions of mortals can have consequences even among the divine.

Pride and Temptation

“I'd rather die on the spot, cut down in my own house, than have to look on at their outrage day after day... but it is for Telemachus, for the helpless babe, I grieve more than for myself, although it is I who suffer the most pain...” - Book II

This quote highlights Odysseus' pride and desire to protect his household and reputation. He would rather die than see his household overtaken by suitors and lose his status as a respected leader. However, he also acknowledges that his son, Telemachus, is more important than his own desires.

“If ever mortal man inquire how you were put to shame and blinded, tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye.” - Book 9

This quote is spoken by Odysseus to Polyphemus after blinding him, showcases Odysseus' pride and arrogance. He is not only taking credit for the violent act, but also taunting Polyphemus with the fact that a mere mortal was able to outsmart and overpower him, a powerful cyclops. Odysseus is boasting about his own strength and cunning, showing that he is not afraid to take on even the most fearsome adversaries. This prideful attitude is a recurring theme throughout the epic, as Odysseus constantly seeks to prove his worth and establish his heroic status.

“And there on either side of the doorway were posts of olive, bolted firm, that the bedstead was built on, and overlaid with gold and silver, and ivory was beneath it. A bright fleece was there on it, spread over with blankets.” - Book XXIII

This quote represents the theme of pride as Penelope boasts about the magnificent bed Odysseus crafted for them. The bed is a symbol of their love and their status as a respected couple. Penelope's pride in their relationship is clear as she describes the bed in such detail.

“There I sacked the city and slew the men; and from the city we took their wives and great store of treasure, and divided them among us,that so far as lay in me no man might go defrauded of an equal share” - Book 9

This quote highlights Odysseus' pride as a warrior and leader. He is recounting his actions during the Trojan War and boasts about how he led his men to victory by sacking the city and taking their women and treasure. However, he also shows a sense of fairness by emphasizing that the spoils of war were divided equally among his men. This displays his leadership qualities and his concern for his fellow soldiers, as well as his pride in his abilities as a warrior.